/**
 * @license
 * lodash 3.10.1 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash modern -o ./lodash.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2015 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function() {

    /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
    var undefined;
  
    /** Used as the semantic version number. */
    var VERSION = '3.10.1';
  
    /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
    var BIND_FLAG = 1,
        BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2,
        CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4,
        CURRY_FLAG = 8,
        CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16,
        PARTIAL_FLAG = 32,
        PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64,
        ARY_FLAG = 128,
        REARG_FLAG = 256;
  
    /** Used as default options for `_.trunc`. */
    var DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30,
        DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = '...';
  
    /** Used to detect when a function becomes hot. */
    var HOT_COUNT = 150,
        HOT_SPAN = 16;
  
    /** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */
    var LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;
  
    /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
    var LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1,
        LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2;
  
    /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
    var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
  
    /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
    var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';
  
    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
    var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
        arrayTag = '[object Array]',
        boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
        dateTag = '[object Date]',
        errorTag = '[object Error]',
        funcTag = '[object Function]',
        mapTag = '[object Map]',
        numberTag = '[object Number]',
        objectTag = '[object Object]',
        regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
        setTag = '[object Set]',
        stringTag = '[object String]',
        weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';
  
    var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',
        float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',
        float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',
        int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',
        int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',
        int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',
        uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',
        uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
        uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',
        uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';
  
    /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source. */
    var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
        reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
        reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
  
    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
    var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39|#96);/g,
        reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g,
        reHasEscapedHtml = RegExp(reEscapedHtml.source),
        reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);
  
    /** Used to match template delimiters. */
    var reEscape = /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
        reEvaluate = /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
        reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
  
    /** Used to match property names within property paths. */
    var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\n\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/,
        reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/,
        rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\n\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]/g;
  
    /**
     * Used to match `RegExp` [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-patterns)
     * and those outlined by [`EscapeRegExpPattern`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-escaperegexppattern).
     */
    var reRegExpChars = /^[:!,]|[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|\/]|(^[0-9a-fA-Fnrtuvx])|([\n\r\u2028\u2029])/g,
        reHasRegExpChars = RegExp(reRegExpChars.source);
  
    /** Used to match [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks). */
    var reComboMark = /[\u0300-\u036f\ufe20-\ufe23]/g;
  
    /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
    var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g;
  
    /** Used to match [ES template delimiters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-template-literal-lexical-components). */
    var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
  
    /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
    var reFlags = /\w*$/;
  
    /** Used to detect hexadecimal string values. */
    var reHasHexPrefix = /^0[xX]/;
  
    /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari > 5). */
    var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;
  
    /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
    var reIsUint = /^\d+$/;
  
    /** Used to match latin-1 supplementary letters (excluding mathematical operators). */
    var reLatin1 = /[\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff]/g;
  
    /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters. */
    var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
  
    /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals. */
    var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
  
    /** Used to match words to create compound words. */
    var reWords = (function() {
      var upper = '[A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde]',
          lower = '[a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff]+';
  
      return RegExp(upper + '+(?=' + upper + lower + ')|' + upper + '?' + lower + '|' + upper + '+|[0-9]+', 'g');
    }());
  
    /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
    var contextProps = [
      'Array', 'ArrayBuffer', 'Date', 'Error', 'Float32Array', 'Float64Array',
      'Function', 'Int8Array', 'Int16Array', 'Int32Array', 'Math', 'Number',
      'Object', 'RegExp', 'Set', 'String', '_', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite',
      'parseFloat', 'parseInt', 'setTimeout', 'TypeError', 'Uint8Array',
      'Uint8ClampedArray', 'Uint16Array', 'Uint32Array', 'WeakMap'
    ];
  
    /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify. */
    var templateCounter = -1;
  
    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
    var typedArrayTags = {};
    typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =
    typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =
    typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =
    typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =
    typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
    typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =
    typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =
    typedArrayTags[dateTag] = typedArrayTags[errorTag] =
    typedArrayTags[funcTag] = typedArrayTags[mapTag] =
    typedArrayTags[numberTag] = typedArrayTags[objectTag] =
    typedArrayTags[regexpTag] = typedArrayTags[setTag] =
    typedArrayTags[stringTag] = typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;
  
    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
    var cloneableTags = {};
    cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] =
    cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[boolTag] =
    cloneableTags[dateTag] = cloneableTags[float32Tag] =
    cloneableTags[float64Tag] = cloneableTags[int8Tag] =
    cloneableTags[int16Tag] = cloneableTags[int32Tag] =
    cloneableTags[numberTag] = cloneableTags[objectTag] =
    cloneableTags[regexpTag] = cloneableTags[stringTag] =
    cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] =
    cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
    cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] =
    cloneableTags[mapTag] = cloneableTags[setTag] =
    cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;
  
    /** Used to map latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters. */
    var deburredLetters = {
      '\xc0': 'A',  '\xc1': 'A', '\xc2': 'A', '\xc3': 'A', '\xc4': 'A', '\xc5': 'A',
      '\xe0': 'a',  '\xe1': 'a', '\xe2': 'a', '\xe3': 'a', '\xe4': 'a', '\xe5': 'a',
      '\xc7': 'C',  '\xe7': 'c',
      '\xd0': 'D',  '\xf0': 'd',
      '\xc8': 'E',  '\xc9': 'E', '\xca': 'E', '\xcb': 'E',
      '\xe8': 'e',  '\xe9': 'e', '\xea': 'e', '\xeb': 'e',
      '\xcC': 'I',  '\xcd': 'I', '\xce': 'I', '\xcf': 'I',
      '\xeC': 'i',  '\xed': 'i', '\xee': 'i', '\xef': 'i',
      '\xd1': 'N',  '\xf1': 'n',
      '\xd2': 'O',  '\xd3': 'O', '\xd4': 'O', '\xd5': 'O', '\xd6': 'O', '\xd8': 'O',
      '\xf2': 'o',  '\xf3': 'o', '\xf4': 'o', '\xf5': 'o', '\xf6': 'o', '\xf8': 'o',
      '\xd9': 'U',  '\xda': 'U', '\xdb': 'U', '\xdc': 'U',
      '\xf9': 'u',  '\xfa': 'u', '\xfb': 'u', '\xfc': 'u',
      '\xdd': 'Y',  '\xfd': 'y', '\xff': 'y',
      '\xc6': 'Ae', '\xe6': 'ae',
      '\xde': 'Th', '\xfe': 'th',
      '\xdf': 'ss'
    };
  
    /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
    var htmlEscapes = {
      '&': '&amp;',
      '<': '&lt;',
      '>': '&gt;',
      '"': '&quot;',
      "'": '&#39;',
      '`': '&#96;'
    };
  
    /** Used to map HTML entities to characters. */
    var htmlUnescapes = {
      '&amp;': '&',
      '&lt;': '<',
      '&gt;': '>',
      '&quot;': '"',
      '&#39;': "'",
      '&#96;': '`'
    };
  
    /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
    var objectTypes = {
      'function': true,
      'object': true
    };
  
    /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled regexes. */
    var regexpEscapes = {
      '0': 'x30', '1': 'x31', '2': 'x32', '3': 'x33', '4': 'x34',
      '5': 'x35', '6': 'x36', '7': 'x37', '8': 'x38', '9': 'x39',
      'A': 'x41', 'B': 'x42', 'C': 'x43', 'D': 'x44', 'E': 'x45', 'F': 'x46',
      'a': 'x61', 'b': 'x62', 'c': 'x63', 'd': 'x64', 'e': 'x65', 'f': 'x66',
      'n': 'x6e', 'r': 'x72', 't': 'x74', 'u': 'x75', 'v': 'x76', 'x': 'x78'
    };
  
    /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals. */
    var stringEscapes = {
      '\\': '\\',
      "'": "'",
      '\n': 'n',
      '\r': 'r',
      '\u2028': 'u2028',
      '\u2029': 'u2029'
    };
  
    /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
    var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;
  
    /** Detect free variable `module`. */
    var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;
  
    /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
    var freeGlobal = freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object && global;
  
    /** Detect free variable `self`. */
    var freeSelf = objectTypes[typeof self] && self && self.Object && self;
  
    /** Detect free variable `window`. */
    var freeWindow = objectTypes[typeof window] && window && window.Object && window;
  
    /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
    var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;
  
    /**
     * Used as a reference to the global object.
     *
     * The `this` value is used if it's the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
     * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
     */
    var root = freeGlobal || ((freeWindow !== (this && this.window)) && freeWindow) || freeSelf || this;
  
    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
    /**
     * The base implementation of `compareAscending` which compares values and
     * sorts them in ascending order without guaranteeing a stable sort.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
     */
    function baseCompareAscending(value, other) {
      if (value !== other) {
        var valIsNull = value === null,
            valIsUndef = value === undefined,
            valIsReflexive = value === value;
  
        var othIsNull = other === null,
            othIsUndef = other === undefined,
            othIsReflexive = other === other;
  
        if ((value > other && !othIsNull) || !valIsReflexive ||
            (valIsNull && !othIsUndef && othIsReflexive) ||
            (valIsUndef && othIsReflexive)) {
          return 1;
        }
        if ((value < other && !valIsNull) || !othIsReflexive ||
            (othIsNull && !valIsUndef && valIsReflexive) ||
            (othIsUndef && valIsReflexive)) {
          return -1;
        }
      }
      return 0;
    }
  
    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
     * support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     */
    function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight) {
      var length = array.length,
          index = fromRight ? length : -1;
  
      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
        if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }
  
    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     */
    function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      if (value !== value) {
        return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
      }
      var index = fromIndex - 1,
          length = array.length;
  
      while (++index < length) {
        if (array[index] === value) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }
  
    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isFunction` without support for environments
     * with incorrect `typeof` results.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsFunction(value) {
      // Avoid a Chakra JIT bug in compatibility modes of IE 11.
      // See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/issues/1621 for more details.
      return typeof value == 'function' || false;
    }
  
    /**
     * Converts `value` to a string if it's not one. An empty string is returned
     * for `null` or `undefined` values.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
     */
    function baseToString(value) {
      return value == null ? '' : (value + '');
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first character
     * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first character not found in `chars`.
     */
    function charsLeftIndex(string, chars) {
      var index = -1,
          length = string.length;
  
      while (++index < length && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {}
      return index;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last character
     * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last character not found in `chars`.
     */
    function charsRightIndex(string, chars) {
      var index = string.length;
  
      while (index-- && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {}
      return index;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.sortBy` to compare transformed elements of a collection and stable
     * sort them in ascending order.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
     */
    function compareAscending(object, other) {
      return baseCompareAscending(object.criteria, other.criteria) || (object.index - other.index);
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.sortByOrder` to compare multiple properties of a value to another
     * and stable sort them.
     *
     * If `orders` is unspecified, all valuess are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,
     * a value is sorted in ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and
     * descending if "desc".
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
     * @param {boolean[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
     */
    function compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {
      var index = -1,
          objCriteria = object.criteria,
          othCriteria = other.criteria,
          length = objCriteria.length,
          ordersLength = orders.length;
  
      while (++index < length) {
        var result = baseCompareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);
        if (result) {
          if (index >= ordersLength) {
            return result;
          }
          var order = orders[index];
          return result * ((order === 'asc' || order === true) ? 1 : -1);
        }
      }
      // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
      // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for
      // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
      // for more details.
      //
      // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
      // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.
      return object.index - other.index;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.deburr` to convert latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} letter The matched letter to deburr.
     * @returns {string} Returns the deburred letter.
     */
    function deburrLetter(letter) {
      return deburredLetters[letter];
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeHtmlChar(chr) {
      return htmlEscapes[chr];
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.escapeRegExp` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled regexes.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
     * @param {string} leadingChar The capture group for a leading character.
     * @param {string} whitespaceChar The capture group for a whitespace character.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeRegExpChar(chr, leadingChar, whitespaceChar) {
      if (leadingChar) {
        chr = regexpEscapes[chr];
      } else if (whitespaceChar) {
        chr = stringEscapes[chr];
      }
      return '\\' + chr;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeStringChar(chr) {
      return '\\' + stringEscapes[chr];
    }
  
    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
     */
    function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
      var length = array.length,
          index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 0 : -1);
  
      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
        var other = array[index];
        if (other !== other) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }
  
    /**
     * Checks if `value` is object-like.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
     */
    function isObjectLike(value) {
      return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `trimmedLeftIndex` and `trimmedRightIndex` to determine if a
     * character code is whitespace.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} charCode The character code to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `charCode` is whitespace, else `false`.
     */
    function isSpace(charCode) {
      return ((charCode <= 160 && (charCode >= 9 && charCode <= 13) || charCode == 32 || charCode == 160) || charCode == 5760 || charCode == 6158 ||
        (charCode >= 8192 && (charCode <= 8202 || charCode == 8232 || charCode == 8233 || charCode == 8239 || charCode == 8287 || charCode == 12288 || charCode == 65279)));
    }
  
    /**
     * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
     * and returns an array of their indexes.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
     */
    function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array.length,
          resIndex = -1,
          result = [];
  
      while (++index < length) {
        if (array[index] === placeholder) {
          array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
          result[++resIndex] = index;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }
  
    /**
     * An implementation of `_.uniq` optimized for sorted arrays without support
     * for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     */
    function sortedUniq(array, iteratee) {
      var seen,
          index = -1,
          length = array.length,
          resIndex = -1,
          result = [];
  
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;
  
        if (!index || seen !== computed) {
          seen = computed;
          result[++resIndex] = value;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first non-whitespace
     * character of `string`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first non-whitespace character.
     */
    function trimmedLeftIndex(string) {
      var index = -1,
          length = string.length;
  
      while (++index < length && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
      return index;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last non-whitespace
     * character of `string`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.
     */
    function trimmedRightIndex(string) {
      var index = string.length;
  
      while (index-- && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
      return index;
    }
  
    /**
     * Used by `_.unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
     */
    function unescapeHtmlChar(chr) {
      return htmlUnescapes[chr];
    }
  
    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
    /**
     * Create a new pristine `lodash` function using the given `context` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a new `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });
     *
     * var lodash = _.runInContext();
     * lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });
     *
     * _.isFunction(_.foo);
     * // => true
     * _.isFunction(_.bar);
     * // => false
     *
     * lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
     * // => false
     * lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
     * // => true
     *
     * // using `context` to mock `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`
     * var mock = _.runInContext({
     *   'Date': function() {
     *     return { 'getTime': getTimeMock };
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * // or creating a suped-up `defer` in Node.js
     * var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;
     */
    function runInContext(context) {
      // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
      // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
      // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
      // See https://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5 for more details.
      context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;
  
      /** Native constructor references. */
      var Array = context.Array,
          Date = context.Date,
          Error = context.Error,
          Function = context.Function,
          Math = context.Math,
          Number = context.Number,
          Object = context.Object,
          RegExp = context.RegExp,
          String = context.String,
          TypeError = context.TypeError;
  
      /** Used for native method references. */
      var arrayProto = Array.prototype,
          objectProto = Object.prototype,
          stringProto = String.prototype;
  
      /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
      var fnToString = Function.prototype.toString;
  
      /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
      var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
  
      /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
      var idCounter = 0;
  
      /**
       * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
       * of values.
       */
      var objToString = objectProto.toString;
  
      /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
      var oldDash = root._;
  
      /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
      var reIsNative = RegExp('^' +
        fnToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(/[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g, '\\$&')
        .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
      );
  
      /** Native method references. */
      var ArrayBuffer = context.ArrayBuffer,
          clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
          parseFloat = context.parseFloat,
          pow = Math.pow,
          propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
          Set = getNative(context, 'Set'),
          setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
          splice = arrayProto.splice,
          Uint8Array = context.Uint8Array,
          WeakMap = getNative(context, 'WeakMap');
  
      /* Native method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
      var nativeCeil = Math.ceil,
          nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create'),
          nativeFloor = Math.floor,
          nativeIsArray = getNative(Array, 'isArray'),
          nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
          nativeKeys = getNative(Object, 'keys'),
          nativeMax = Math.max,
          nativeMin = Math.min,
          nativeNow = getNative(Date, 'now'),
          nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
          nativeRandom = Math.random;
  
      /** Used as references for `-Infinity` and `Infinity`. */
      var NEGATIVE_INFINITY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
          POSITIVE_INFINITY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
  
      /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
      var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 4294967295,
          MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH - 1,
          HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH >>> 1;
  
      /**
       * Used as the [maximum length](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.max_safe_integer)
       * of an array-like value.
       */
      var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;
  
      /** Used to store function metadata. */
      var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap;
  
      /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
      var realNames = {};
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit chaining.
       * Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and functions can
       * be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value or may return a
       * primitive value will automatically end the chain returning the unwrapped
       * value. Explicit chaining may be enabled using `_.chain`. The execution of
       * chained methods is lazy, that is, execution is deferred until `_#value`
       * is implicitly or explicitly called.
       *
       * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut
       * fusion is an optimization strategy which merge iteratee calls; this can help
       * to avoid the creation of intermediate data structures and greatly reduce the
       * number of iteratee executions.
       *
       * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
       * directly or indirectly included in the build.
       *
       * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
       *
       * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
       * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`,
       * `splice`, and `unshift`
       *
       * The wrapper `String` methods are:
       * `replace` and `split`
       *
       * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
       * `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `filter`,
       * `first`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `pluck`, `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`,
       * `slice`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `toArray`,
       * and `where`
       *
       * The chainable wrapper methods are:
       * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `at`, `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`,
       * `callback`, `chain`, `chunk`, `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `constant`,
       * `countBy`, `create`, `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`,
       * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`,
       * `dropWhile`, `fill`, `filter`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`, `flow`, `flowRight`,
       * `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`,
       * `functions`, `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
       * `invoke`, `keys`, `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`, `matches`,
       * `matchesProperty`, `memoize`, `merge`, `method`, `methodOf`, `mixin`,
       * `modArgs`, `negate`, `omit`, `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`,
       * `partition`, `pick`, `plant`, `pluck`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`,
       * `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rearg`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `restParam`,
       * `reverse`, `set`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `sortByAll`,
       * `sortByOrder`, `splice`, `spread`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`,
       * `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`, `times`, `toArray`, `toPlainObject`,
       * `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `unzipWith`, `values`,
       * `valuesIn`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `zip`, `zipObject`, `zipWith`
       *
       * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
       * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clone`, `cloneDeep`,
       * `deburr`, `endsWith`, `escape`, `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
       * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `findWhere`, `first`,
       * `floor`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`, `has`, `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`,
       * `inRange`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
       * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isError`, `isFinite` `isFunction`, `isMatch`,
       * `isNative`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isPlainObject`,
       * `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `isTypedArray`, `join`, `kebabCase`,
       * `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `lt`, `lte`, `max`, `min`, `noConflict`, `noop`,
       * `now`, `pad`, `padLeft`, `padRight`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
       * `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`, `round`, `runInContext`, `shift`, `size`,
       * `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `sortedLastIndex`, `startCase`,
       * `startsWith`, `sum`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `trunc`,
       * `unescape`, `uniqueId`, `value`, and `words`
       *
       * The wrapper method `sample` will return a wrapped value when `n` is provided,
       * otherwise an unwrapped value is returned.
       *
       * @name _
       * @constructor
       * @category Chain
       * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
       *
       * // returns an unwrapped value
       * wrapped.reduce(function(total, n) {
       *   return total + n;
       * });
       * // => 6
       *
       * // returns a wrapped value
       * var squares = wrapped.map(function(n) {
       *   return n * n;
       * });
       *
       * _.isArray(squares);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isArray(squares.value());
       * // => true
       */
      function lodash(value) {
        if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
          if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
            return value;
          }
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__chain__') && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
            return wrapperClone(value);
          }
        }
        return new LodashWrapper(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * The function whose prototype all chaining wrappers inherit from.
       *
       * @private
       */
      function baseLodash() {
        // No operation performed.
      }
  
      /**
       * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
       * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable chaining for all wrapper methods.
       * @param {Array} [actions=[]] Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
       */
      function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll, actions) {
        this.__wrapped__ = value;
        this.__actions__ = actions || [];
        this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
      }
  
      /**
       * An object environment feature flags.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @type Object
       */
      var support = lodash.support = {};
  
      /**
       * By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in
       * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use
       * alternative delimiters.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @type Object
       */
      lodash.templateSettings = {
  
        /**
         * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings
         * @type RegExp
         */
        'escape': reEscape,
  
        /**
         * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings
         * @type RegExp
         */
        'evaluate': reEvaluate,
  
        /**
         * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings
         * @type RegExp
         */
        'interpolate': reInterpolate,
  
        /**
         * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings
         * @type string
         */
        'variable': '',
  
        /**
         * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings
         * @type Object
         */
        'imports': {
  
          /**
           * A reference to the `lodash` function.
           *
           * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
           * @type Function
           */
          '_': lodash
        }
      };
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
       */
      function LazyWrapper(value) {
        this.__wrapped__ = value;
        this.__actions__ = [];
        this.__dir__ = 1;
        this.__filtered__ = false;
        this.__iteratees__ = [];
        this.__takeCount__ = POSITIVE_INFINITY;
        this.__views__ = [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
       *
       * @private
       * @name clone
       * @memberOf LazyWrapper
       * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
       */
      function lazyClone() {
        var result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);
        result.__actions__ = arrayCopy(this.__actions__);
        result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
        result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
        result.__iteratees__ = arrayCopy(this.__iteratees__);
        result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
        result.__views__ = arrayCopy(this.__views__);
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
       *
       * @private
       * @name reverse
       * @memberOf LazyWrapper
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
       */
      function lazyReverse() {
        if (this.__filtered__) {
          var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
          result.__dir__ = -1;
          result.__filtered__ = true;
        } else {
          result = this.clone();
          result.__dir__ *= -1;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
       *
       * @private
       * @name value
       * @memberOf LazyWrapper
       * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
       */
      function lazyValue() {
        var array = this.__wrapped__.value(),
            dir = this.__dir__,
            isArr = isArray(array),
            isRight = dir < 0,
            arrLength = isArr ? array.length : 0,
            view = getView(0, arrLength, this.__views__),
            start = view.start,
            end = view.end,
            length = end - start,
            index = isRight ? end : (start - 1),
            iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
            iterLength = iteratees.length,
            resIndex = 0,
            takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__);
  
        if (!isArr || arrLength < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE || (arrLength == length && takeCount == length)) {
          return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
        }
        var result = [];
  
        outer:
        while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
          index += dir;
  
          var iterIndex = -1,
              value = array[index];
  
          while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
            var data = iteratees[iterIndex],
                iteratee = data.iteratee,
                type = data.type,
                computed = iteratee(value);
  
            if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
              value = computed;
            } else if (!computed) {
              if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
                continue outer;
              } else {
                break outer;
              }
            }
          }
          result[resIndex++] = value;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a cache object to store key/value pairs.
       *
       * @private
       * @static
       * @name Cache
       * @memberOf _.memoize
       */
      function MapCache() {
        this.__data__ = {};
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes `key` and its value from the cache.
       *
       * @private
       * @name delete
       * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
       * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed successfully, else `false`.
       */
      function mapDelete(key) {
        return this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the cached value for `key`.
       *
       * @private
       * @name get
       * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
       * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
       * @returns {*} Returns the cached value.
       */
      function mapGet(key) {
        return key == '__proto__' ? undefined : this.__data__[key];
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if a cached value for `key` exists.
       *
       * @private
       * @name has
       * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
       * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
       */
      function mapHas(key) {
        return key != '__proto__' && hasOwnProperty.call(this.__data__, key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets `value` to `key` of the cache.
       *
       * @private
       * @name set
       * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
       * @param {string} key The key of the value to cache.
       * @param {*} value The value to cache.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the cache object.
       */
      function mapSet(key, value) {
        if (key != '__proto__') {
          this.__data__[key] = value;
        }
        return this;
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       *
       * Creates a cache object to store unique values.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
       */
      function SetCache(values) {
        var length = values ? values.length : 0;
  
        this.data = { 'hash': nativeCreate(null), 'set': new Set };
        while (length--) {
          this.push(values[length]);
        }
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is in `cache` mimicking the return signature of
       * `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} cache The cache to search.
       * @param {*} value The value to search for.
       * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
       */
      function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
        var data = cache.data,
            result = (typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value)) ? data.set.has(value) : data.hash[value];
  
        return result ? 0 : -1;
      }
  
      /**
       * Adds `value` to the cache.
       *
       * @private
       * @name push
       * @memberOf SetCache
       * @param {*} value The value to cache.
       */
      function cachePush(value) {
        var data = this.data;
        if (typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value)) {
          data.set.add(value);
        } else {
          data.hash[value] = true;
        }
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a new array joining `array` with `other`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to join.
       * @param {Array} other The other array to join.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
       */
      function arrayConcat(array, other) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            othIndex = -1,
            othLength = other.length,
            result = Array(length + othLength);
  
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = array[index];
        }
        while (++othIndex < othLength) {
          result[index++] = other[othIndex];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
       * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function arrayCopy(source, array) {
        var index = -1,
            length = source.length;
  
        array || (array = Array(length));
        while (++index < length) {
          array[index] = source[index];
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.forEachRight` for arrays without support for
       * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function arrayEachRight(array, iteratee) {
        var length = array.length;
  
        while (length--) {
          if (iteratee(array[length], length, array) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
       *  else `false`.
       */
      function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseExtremum` for arrays which invokes `iteratee`
       * with one argument: (value).
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
       * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
       */
      function arrayExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator, exValue) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            computed = exValue,
            result = computed;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index],
              current = +iteratee(value);
  
          if (comparator(current, computed)) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
       */
      function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = [];
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index];
          if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
            result[++resIndex] = value;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
       */
      function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            result = Array(length);
  
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
       * @param {Array} values The values to append.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function arrayPush(array, values) {
        var index = -1,
            length = values.length,
            offset = array.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          array[offset + index] = values[index];
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
       * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the first element of `array`
       *  as the initial value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       */
      function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        if (initFromArray && length) {
          accumulator = array[++index];
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
        }
        return accumulator;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.reduceRight` for arrays without support for
       * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
       * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the last element of `array`
       *  as the initial value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       */
      function arrayReduceRight(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
        var length = array.length;
        if (initFromArray && length) {
          accumulator = array[--length];
        }
        while (length--) {
          accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[length], length, array);
        }
        return accumulator;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
       *  else `false`.
       */
      function arraySome(array, predicate) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.sum` for arrays without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding..
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
       */
      function arraySum(array, iteratee) {
        var length = array.length,
            result = 0;
  
        while (length--) {
          result += +iteratee(array[length]) || 0;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assign` use.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
       * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
       */
      function assignDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue) {
        return objectValue === undefined ? sourceValue : objectValue;
      }
  
      /**
       * Used by `_.template` to customize its `_.assign` use.
       *
       * **Note:** This function is like `assignDefaults` except that it ignores
       * inherited property values when checking if a property is `undefined`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
       * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
       * @param {string} key The key associated with the object and source values.
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
       */
      function assignOwnDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue, key, object) {
        return (objectValue === undefined || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key))
          ? sourceValue
          : objectValue;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.assign` for customizing assigned values without
       * support for argument juggling, multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer`
       * functions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {Object} source The source object.
       * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function assignWith(object, source, customizer) {
        var index = -1,
            props = keys(source),
            length = props.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index],
              value = object[key],
              result = customizer(value, source[key], key, object, source);
  
          if ((result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)) ||
              (value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
            object[key] = result;
          }
        }
        return object;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for argument juggling,
       * multiple sources, and `customizer` functions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {Object} source The source object.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseAssign(object, source) {
        return source == null
          ? object
          : baseCopy(source, keys(source), object);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for string collections
       * and individual key arguments.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {number[]|string[]} props The property names or indexes of elements to pick.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
       */
      function baseAt(collection, props) {
        var index = -1,
            isNil = collection == null,
            isArr = !isNil && isArrayLike(collection),
            length = isArr ? collection.length : 0,
            propsLength = props.length,
            result = Array(propsLength);
  
        while(++index < propsLength) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (isArr) {
            result[index] = isIndex(key, length) ? collection[key] : undefined;
          } else {
            result[index] = isNil ? undefined : collection[key];
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
       * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
       * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseCopy(source, props, object) {
        object || (object = {});
  
        var index = -1,
            length = props.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          object[key] = source[key];
        }
        return object;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.callback` which supports specifying the
       * number of arguments to provide to `func`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
       */
      function baseCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
        var type = typeof func;
        if (type == 'function') {
          return thisArg === undefined
            ? func
            : bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
        }
        if (func == null) {
          return identity;
        }
        if (type == 'object') {
          return baseMatches(func);
        }
        return thisArg === undefined
          ? property(func)
          : baseMatchesProperty(func, thisArg);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.clone` without support for argument juggling
       * and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to clone.
       * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
       * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
       * @param {Object} [object] The object `value` belongs to.
       * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
       * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
       */
      function baseClone(value, isDeep, customizer, key, object, stackA, stackB) {
        var result;
        if (customizer) {
          result = object ? customizer(value, key, object) : customizer(value);
        }
        if (result !== undefined) {
          return result;
        }
        if (!isObject(value)) {
          return value;
        }
        var isArr = isArray(value);
        if (isArr) {
          result = initCloneArray(value);
          if (!isDeep) {
            return arrayCopy(value, result);
          }
        } else {
          var tag = objToString.call(value),
              isFunc = tag == funcTag;
  
          if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || (isFunc && !object)) {
            result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
            if (!isDeep) {
              return baseAssign(result, value);
            }
          } else {
            return cloneableTags[tag]
              ? initCloneByTag(value, tag, isDeep)
              : (object ? value : {});
          }
        }
        // Check for circular references and return its corresponding clone.
        stackA || (stackA = []);
        stackB || (stackB = []);
  
        var length = stackA.length;
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == value) {
            return stackB[length];
          }
        }
        // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate it with its clone.
        stackA.push(value);
        stackB.push(result);
  
        // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
        (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(value, function(subValue, key) {
          result[key] = baseClone(subValue, isDeep, customizer, key, value, stackA, stackB);
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
       * properties to the created object.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       */
      var baseCreate = (function() {
        function object() {}
        return function(prototype) {
          if (isObject(prototype)) {
            object.prototype = prototype;
            var result = new object;
            object.prototype = undefined;
          }
          return result || {};
        };
      }());
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts an index
       * of where to slice the arguments to provide to `func`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
       * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
       * @param {Object} args The arguments provide to `func`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
       */
      function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.difference` which accepts a single array
       * of values to exclude.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
       * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
       */
      function baseDifference(array, values) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0,
            result = [];
  
        if (!length) {
          return result;
        }
        var index = -1,
            indexOf = getIndexOf(),
            isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf,
            cache = (isCommon && values.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) ? createCache(values) : null,
            valuesLength = values.length;
  
        if (cache) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          isCommon = false;
          values = cache;
        }
        outer:
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index];
  
          if (isCommon && value === value) {
            var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
            while (valuesIndex--) {
              if (values[valuesIndex] === value) {
                continue outer;
              }
            }
            result.push(value);
          }
          else if (indexOf(values, value, 0) < 0) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
       */
      var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.forEachRight` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
       */
      var baseEachRight = createBaseEach(baseForOwnRight, true);
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
       *  else `false`
       */
      function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
        var result = true;
        baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
          return result;
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the extremum value of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each value
       * in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked.
       * The `iteratee` is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
       * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
       */
      function baseExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue) {
        var computed = exValue,
            result = computed;
  
        baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = +iteratee(value, index, collection);
          if (comparator(current, computed) || (current === exValue && current === result)) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
       * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
       * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
        var length = array.length;
  
        start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
        if (start < 0) {
          start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
        }
        end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : (+end || 0);
        if (end < 0) {
          end += length;
        }
        length = start > end ? 0 : (end >>> 0);
        start >>>= 0;
  
        while (start < length) {
          array[start++] = value;
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
       */
      function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
        var result = [];
        baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.find`, `_.findLast`, `_.findKey`, and `_.findLastKey`,
       * without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates
       * over `collection` using the provided `eachFunc`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
       * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element
       *  instead of the element itself.
       * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
       */
      function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
        var result;
        eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
            result = retKey ? key : value;
            return false;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with added support for restricting
       * flattening and specifying the start index.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
       * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
       * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict flattening to arrays-like objects.
       * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
       */
      function baseFlatten(array, isDeep, isStrict, result) {
        result || (result = []);
  
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index];
          if (isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value) &&
              (isStrict || isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
            if (isDeep) {
              // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
              baseFlatten(value, isDeep, isStrict, result);
            } else {
              arrayPush(result, value);
            }
          } else if (!isStrict) {
            result[result.length] = value;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `baseForIn` and `baseForOwn` which iterates
       * over `object` properties returned by `keysFunc` invoking `iteratee` for
       * each property. Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
       * returning `false`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      var baseFor = createBaseFor();
  
      /**
       * This function is like `baseFor` except that it iterates over properties
       * in the opposite order.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      var baseForRight = createBaseFor(true);
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.forIn` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseForIn(object, iteratee) {
        return baseFor(object, iteratee, keysIn);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
        return baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.forOwnRight` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseForOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
        return baseForRight(object, iteratee, keys);
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
       * `object` function property names filtered from those provided.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
       * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered property names.
       */
      function baseFunctions(object, props) {
        var index = -1,
            length = props.length,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = [];
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (isFunction(object[key])) {
            result[++resIndex] = key;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `get` without support for string paths
       * and default values.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array} path The path of the property to get.
       * @param {string} [pathKey] The key representation of path.
       * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
       */
      function baseGet(object, path, pathKey) {
        if (object == null) {
          return;
        }
        if (pathKey !== undefined && pathKey in toObject(object)) {
          path = [pathKey];
        }
        var index = 0,
            length = path.length;
  
        while (object != null && index < length) {
          object = object[path[index++]];
        }
        return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` without support for `this` binding
       * `customizer` functions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
       * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
       * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
        if (value === other) {
          return true;
        }
        if (value == null || other == null || (!isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {
          return value !== value && other !== other;
        }
        return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
       * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
       * references to be compared.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
       * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
       * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
       * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
       * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
        var objIsArr = isArray(object),
            othIsArr = isArray(other),
            objTag = arrayTag,
            othTag = arrayTag;
  
        if (!objIsArr) {
          objTag = objToString.call(object);
          if (objTag == argsTag) {
            objTag = objectTag;
          } else if (objTag != objectTag) {
            objIsArr = isTypedArray(object);
          }
        }
        if (!othIsArr) {
          othTag = objToString.call(other);
          if (othTag == argsTag) {
            othTag = objectTag;
          } else if (othTag != objectTag) {
            othIsArr = isTypedArray(other);
          }
        }
        var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag,
            othIsObj = othTag == objectTag,
            isSameTag = objTag == othTag;
  
        if (isSameTag && !(objIsArr || objIsObj)) {
          return equalByTag(object, other, objTag);
        }
        if (!isLoose) {
          var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
              othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');
  
          if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
            return equalFunc(objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object, othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
          }
        }
        if (!isSameTag) {
          return false;
        }
        // Assume cyclic values are equal.
        // For more information on detecting circular references see https://es5.github.io/#JO.
        stackA || (stackA = []);
        stackB || (stackB = []);
  
        var length = stackA.length;
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == object) {
            return stackB[length] == other;
          }
        }
        // Add `object` and `other` to the stack of traversed objects.
        stackA.push(object);
        stackB.push(other);
  
        var result = (objIsArr ? equalArrays : equalObjects)(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
  
        stackA.pop();
        stackB.pop();
  
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for callback
       * shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
       * @param {Array} matchData The propery names, values, and compare flags to match.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
       */
      function baseIsMatch(object, matchData, customizer) {
        var index = matchData.length,
            length = index,
            noCustomizer = !customizer;
  
        if (object == null) {
          return !length;
        }
        object = toObject(object);
        while (index--) {
          var data = matchData[index];
          if ((noCustomizer && data[2])
                ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]
                : !(data[0] in object)
              ) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          data = matchData[index];
          var key = data[0],
              objValue = object[key],
              srcValue = data[1];
  
          if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {
            if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {
              return false;
            }
          } else {
            var result = customizer ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, key) : undefined;
            if (!(result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, true) : result)) {
              return false;
            }
          }
        }
        return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for callback shorthands
       * and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
       */
      function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
        var index = -1,
            result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
  
        baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.matches` which does not clone `source`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       */
      function baseMatches(source) {
        var matchData = getMatchData(source);
        if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {
          var key = matchData[0][0],
              value = matchData[0][1];
  
          return function(object) {
            if (object == null) {
              return false;
            }
            return object[key] === value && (value !== undefined || (key in toObject(object)));
          };
        }
        return function(object) {
          return baseIsMatch(object, matchData);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which does not clone `srcValue`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.
       * @param {*} srcValue The value to compare.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       */
      function baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
        var isArr = isArray(path),
            isCommon = isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue),
            pathKey = (path + '');
  
        path = toPath(path);
        return function(object) {
          if (object == null) {
            return false;
          }
          var key = pathKey;
          object = toObject(object);
          if ((isArr || !isCommon) && !(key in object)) {
            object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
            if (object == null) {
              return false;
            }
            key = last(path);
            object = toObject(object);
          }
          return object[key] === srcValue
            ? (srcValue !== undefined || (key in object))
            : baseIsEqual(srcValue, object[key], undefined, true);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for argument juggling,
       * multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {Object} source The source object.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
       * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       */
      function baseMerge(object, source, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
        if (!isObject(object)) {
          return object;
        }
        var isSrcArr = isArrayLike(source) && (isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source)),
            props = isSrcArr ? undefined : keys(source);
  
        arrayEach(props || source, function(srcValue, key) {
          if (props) {
            key = srcValue;
            srcValue = source[key];
          }
          if (isObjectLike(srcValue)) {
            stackA || (stackA = []);
            stackB || (stackB = []);
            baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, baseMerge, customizer, stackA, stackB);
          }
          else {
            var value = object[key],
                result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined,
                isCommon = result === undefined;
  
            if (isCommon) {
              result = srcValue;
            }
            if ((result !== undefined || (isSrcArr && !(key in object))) &&
                (isCommon || (result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)))) {
              object[key] = result;
            }
          }
        });
        return object;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
       * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
       * references to be merged.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {Object} source The source object.
       * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
       * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
       * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, mergeFunc, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
        var length = stackA.length,
            srcValue = source[key];
  
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == srcValue) {
            object[key] = stackB[length];
            return;
          }
        }
        var value = object[key],
            result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined,
            isCommon = result === undefined;
  
        if (isCommon) {
          result = srcValue;
          if (isArrayLike(srcValue) && (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue))) {
            result = isArray(value)
              ? value
              : (isArrayLike(value) ? arrayCopy(value) : []);
          }
          else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
            result = isArguments(value)
              ? toPlainObject(value)
              : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
          }
          else {
            isCommon = false;
          }
        }
        // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate
        // it with its merged value.
        stackA.push(srcValue);
        stackB.push(result);
  
        if (isCommon) {
          // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
          object[key] = mergeFunc(result, srcValue, customizer, stackA, stackB);
        } else if (result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)) {
          object[key] = result;
        }
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       */
      function baseProperty(key) {
        return function(object) {
          return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       */
      function basePropertyDeep(path) {
        var pathKey = (path + '');
        path = toPath(path);
        return function(object) {
          return baseGet(object, path, pathKey);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.pullAt` without support for individual
       * index arguments and capturing the removed elements.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
       * @param {number[]} indexes The indexes of elements to remove.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function basePullAt(array, indexes) {
        var length = array ? indexes.length : 0;
        while (length--) {
          var index = indexes[length];
          if (index != previous && isIndex(index)) {
            var previous = index;
            splice.call(array, index, 1);
          }
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.random` without support for argument juggling
       * and returning floating-point numbers.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
       * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
       * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
       */
      function baseRandom(min, max) {
        return min + nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without support
       * for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates over `collection`
       * using the provided `eachFunc`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
       * @param {boolean} initFromCollection Specify using the first or last element
       *  of `collection` as the initial value.
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       */
      function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection, eachFunc) {
        eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          accumulator = initFromCollection
            ? (initFromCollection = false, value)
            : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
        });
        return accumulator;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
       * @param {*} data The metadata.
       * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
       */
      var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function(func, data) {
        metaMap.set(func, data);
        return func;
      };
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
       * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       */
      function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length;
  
        start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
        if (start < 0) {
          start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
        }
        end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : (+end || 0);
        if (end < 0) {
          end += length;
        }
        length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
        start >>>= 0;
  
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = array[index + start];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for callback shorthands
       * and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
       *  else `false`.
       */
      function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
        var result;
  
        baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          result = predicate(value, index, collection);
          return !result;
        });
        return !!result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define
       * the sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their
       * corresponding values.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
       * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function baseSortBy(array, comparer) {
        var length = array.length;
  
        array.sort(comparer);
        while (length--) {
          array[length] = array[length].value;
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.sortByOrder` without param guards.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
       * @param {boolean[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
       */
      function baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders) {
        var callback = getCallback(),
            index = -1;
  
        iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) { return callback(iteratee); });
  
        var result = baseMap(collection, function(value) {
          var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) { return iteratee(value); });
          return { 'criteria': criteria, 'index': ++index, 'value': value };
        });
  
        return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {
          return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);
        });
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.sum` without support for callback shorthands
       * and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
       */
      function baseSum(collection, iteratee) {
        var result = 0;
        baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          result += +iteratee(value, index, collection) || 0;
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
       * and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
       */
      function baseUniq(array, iteratee) {
        var index = -1,
            indexOf = getIndexOf(),
            length = array.length,
            isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf,
            isLarge = isCommon && length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE,
            seen = isLarge ? createCache() : null,
            result = [];
  
        if (seen) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          isCommon = false;
        } else {
          isLarge = false;
          seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
        }
        outer:
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index],
              computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;
  
          if (isCommon && value === value) {
            var seenIndex = seen.length;
            while (seenIndex--) {
              if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
                continue outer;
              }
            }
            if (iteratee) {
              seen.push(computed);
            }
            result.push(value);
          }
          else if (indexOf(seen, computed, 0) < 0) {
            if (iteratee || isLarge) {
              seen.push(computed);
            }
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
       * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
       * of `props`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
       */
      function baseValues(object, props) {
        var index = -1,
            length = props.length,
            result = Array(length);
  
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = object[props[index]];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `_.dropRightWhile`, `_.dropWhile`, `_.takeRightWhile`,
       * and `_.takeWhile` without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {boolean} [isDrop] Specify dropping elements instead of taking them.
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       */
      function baseWhile(array, predicate, isDrop, fromRight) {
        var length = array.length,
            index = fromRight ? length : -1;
  
        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) && predicate(array[index], index, array)) {}
        return isDrop
          ? baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? 0 : index), (fromRight ? index + 1 : length))
          : baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? index + 1 : 0), (fromRight ? length : index));
      }
  
      /**
       * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
       * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
       * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
       * @param {Array} actions Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
       */
      function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
        var result = value;
        if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
          result = result.value();
        }
        var index = -1,
            length = actions.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var action = actions[index];
          result = action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Performs a binary search of `array` to determine the index at which `value`
       * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
       * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
       * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
       *  into `array`.
       */
      function binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) {
        var low = 0,
            high = array ? array.length : low;
  
        if (typeof value == 'number' && value === value && high <= HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
          while (low < high) {
            var mid = (low + high) >>> 1,
                computed = array[mid];
  
            if ((retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value)) && computed !== null) {
              low = mid + 1;
            } else {
              high = mid;
            }
          }
          return high;
        }
        return binaryIndexBy(array, value, identity, retHighest);
      }
  
      /**
       * This function is like `binaryIndex` except that it invokes `iteratee` for
       * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
       * iteratee is invoked with one argument; (value).
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
       * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
       * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
       *  into `array`.
       */
      function binaryIndexBy(array, value, iteratee, retHighest) {
        value = iteratee(value);
  
        var low = 0,
            high = array ? array.length : 0,
            valIsNaN = value !== value,
            valIsNull = value === null,
            valIsUndef = value === undefined;
  
        while (low < high) {
          var mid = nativeFloor((low + high) / 2),
              computed = iteratee(array[mid]),
              isDef = computed !== undefined,
              isReflexive = computed === computed;
  
          if (valIsNaN) {
            var setLow = isReflexive || retHighest;
          } else if (valIsNull) {
            setLow = isReflexive && isDef && (retHighest || computed != null);
          } else if (valIsUndef) {
            setLow = isReflexive && (retHighest || isDef);
          } else if (computed == null) {
            setLow = false;
          } else {
            setLow = retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value);
          }
          if (setLow) {
            low = mid + 1;
          } else {
            high = mid;
          }
        }
        return nativeMin(high, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX);
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseCallback` which only supports `this` binding
       * and specifying the number of arguments to provide to `func`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
       * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
       */
      function bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          return identity;
        }
        if (thisArg === undefined) {
          return func;
        }
        switch (argCount) {
          case 1: return function(value) {
            return func.call(thisArg, value);
          };
          case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
            return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
          };
          case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
            return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
          };
          case 5: return function(value, other, key, object, source) {
            return func.call(thisArg, value, other, key, object, source);
          };
        }
        return function() {
          return func.apply(thisArg, arguments);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a clone of the given array buffer.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {ArrayBuffer} buffer The array buffer to clone.
       * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
       */
      function bufferClone(buffer) {
        var result = new ArrayBuffer(buffer.byteLength),
            view = new Uint8Array(result);
  
        view.set(new Uint8Array(buffer));
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
       * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
       * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
       * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
       */
      function composeArgs(args, partials, holders) {
        var holdersLength = holders.length,
            argsIndex = -1,
            argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
            leftIndex = -1,
            leftLength = partials.length,
            result = Array(leftLength + argsLength);
  
        while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
          result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
        }
        while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
          result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
        }
        while (argsLength--) {
          result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
       * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
       * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
       * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
       */
      function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders) {
        var holdersIndex = -1,
            holdersLength = holders.length,
            argsIndex = -1,
            argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
            rightIndex = -1,
            rightLength = partials.length,
            result = Array(argsLength + rightLength);
  
        while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
          result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
        }
        var offset = argsIndex;
        while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
          result[offset + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
        }
        while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
          result[offset + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.countBy`, `_.groupBy`, `_.indexBy`, or `_.partition` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} setter The function to set keys and values of the accumulator object.
       * @param {Function} [initializer] The function to initialize the accumulator object.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
       */
      function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
        return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
          var result = initializer ? initializer() : {};
          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
  
          if (isArray(collection)) {
            var index = -1,
                length = collection.length;
  
            while (++index < length) {
              var value = collection[index];
              setter(result, value, iteratee(value, index, collection), collection);
            }
          } else {
            baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
              setter(result, value, iteratee(value, key, collection), collection);
            });
          }
          return result;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.assign`, `_.defaults`, or `_.merge` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
       */
      function createAssigner(assigner) {
        return restParam(function(object, sources) {
          var index = -1,
              length = object == null ? 0 : sources.length,
              customizer = length > 2 ? sources[length - 2] : undefined,
              guard = length > 2 ? sources[2] : undefined,
              thisArg = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined;
  
          if (typeof customizer == 'function') {
            customizer = bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 5);
            length -= 2;
          } else {
            customizer = typeof thisArg == 'function' ? thisArg : undefined;
            length -= (customizer ? 1 : 0);
          }
          if (guard && isIterateeCall(sources[0], sources[1], guard)) {
            customizer = length < 3 ? undefined : customizer;
            length = 1;
          }
          while (++index < length) {
            var source = sources[index];
            if (source) {
              assigner(object, source, customizer);
            }
          }
          return object;
        });
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
       */
      function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
        return function(collection, iteratee) {
          var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
          if (!isLength(length)) {
            return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
          }
          var index = fromRight ? length : -1,
              iterable = toObject(collection);
  
          while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
            if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
              break;
            }
          }
          return collection;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a base function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
       */
      function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
        return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
          var iterable = toObject(object),
              props = keysFunc(object),
              length = props.length,
              index = fromRight ? length : -1;
  
          while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
            var key = props[index];
            if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
              break;
            }
          }
          return object;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the `this`
       * binding of `thisArg`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
       */
      function createBindWrapper(func, thisArg) {
        var Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);
  
        function wrapper() {
          var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
          return fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);
        }
        return wrapper;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `Set` cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
       * @returns {null|Object} Returns the new cache object if `Set` is supported, else `null`.
       */
      function createCache(values) {
        return (nativeCreate && Set) ? new SetCache(values) : null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that produces compound words out of the words in a
       * given string.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} callback The function to combine each word.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new compounder function.
       */
      function createCompounder(callback) {
        return function(string) {
          var index = -1,
              array = words(deburr(string)),
              length = array.length,
              result = '';
  
          while (++index < length) {
            result = callback(result, array[index], index);
          }
          return result;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
       * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
       */
      function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
        return function() {
          // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors.
          // See http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
          // for more details.
          var args = arguments;
          switch (args.length) {
            case 0: return new Ctor;
            case 1: return new Ctor(args[0]);
            case 2: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1]);
            case 3: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
            case 4: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
            case 5: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
            case 6: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
            case 7: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6]);
          }
          var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
              result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);
  
          // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
          // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} flag The curry bit flag.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new curry function.
       */
      function createCurry(flag) {
        function curryFunc(func, arity, guard) {
          if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, arity, guard)) {
            arity = undefined;
          }
          var result = createWrapper(func, flag, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
          result.placeholder = curryFunc.placeholder;
          return result;
        }
        return curryFunc;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.defaults` or `_.defaultsDeep` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
       * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new defaults function.
       */
      function createDefaults(assigner, customizer) {
        return restParam(function(args) {
          var object = args[0];
          if (object == null) {
            return object;
          }
          args.push(customizer);
          return assigner.apply(undefined, args);
        });
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.max` or `_.min` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
       * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new extremum function.
       */
      function createExtremum(comparator, exValue) {
        return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
          if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
            iteratee = undefined;
          }
          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
          if (iteratee.length == 1) {
            collection = isArray(collection) ? collection : toIterable(collection);
            var result = arrayExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue);
            if (!(collection.length && result === exValue)) {
              return result;
            }
          }
          return baseExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
       */
      function createFind(eachFunc, fromRight) {
        return function(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
          if (isArray(collection)) {
            var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate, fromRight);
            return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
          }
          return baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.findIndex` or `_.findLastIndex` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
       */
      function createFindIndex(fromRight) {
        return function(array, predicate, thisArg) {
          if (!(array && array.length)) {
            return -1;
          }
          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
          return baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.findKey` or `_.findLastKey` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
       */
      function createFindKey(objectFunc) {
        return function(object, predicate, thisArg) {
          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
          return baseFind(object, predicate, objectFunc, true);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.flow` or `_.flowRight` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new flow function.
       */
      function createFlow(fromRight) {
        return function() {
          var wrapper,
              length = arguments.length,
              index = fromRight ? length : -1,
              leftIndex = 0,
              funcs = Array(length);
  
          while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
            var func = funcs[leftIndex++] = arguments[index];
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
              throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            if (!wrapper && LodashWrapper.prototype.thru && getFuncName(func) == 'wrapper') {
              wrapper = new LodashWrapper([], true);
            }
          }
          index = wrapper ? -1 : length;
          while (++index < length) {
            func = funcs[index];
  
            var funcName = getFuncName(func),
                data = funcName == 'wrapper' ? getData(func) : undefined;
  
            if (data && isLaziable(data[0]) && data[1] == (ARY_FLAG | CURRY_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && !data[4].length && data[9] == 1) {
              wrapper = wrapper[getFuncName(data[0])].apply(wrapper, data[3]);
            } else {
              wrapper = (func.length == 1 && isLaziable(func)) ? wrapper[funcName]() : wrapper.thru(func);
            }
          }
          return function() {
            var args = arguments,
                value = args[0];
  
            if (wrapper && args.length == 1 && isArray(value) && value.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
              return wrapper.plant(value).value();
            }
            var index = 0,
                result = length ? funcs[index].apply(this, args) : value;
  
            while (++index < length) {
              result = funcs[index].call(this, result);
            }
            return result;
          };
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.forEach` or `_.forEachRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
       */
      function createForEach(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
        return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
          return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && thisArg === undefined && isArray(collection))
            ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee)
            : eachFunc(collection, bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3));
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
       */
      function createForIn(objectFunc) {
        return function(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
          if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
            iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
          }
          return objectFunc(object, iteratee, keysIn);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.forOwn` or `_.forOwnRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
       */
      function createForOwn(objectFunc) {
        return function(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
          if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
            iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
          }
          return objectFunc(object, iteratee);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.mapKeys` or `_.mapValues`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [isMapKeys] Specify mapping keys instead of values.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new map function.
       */
      function createObjectMapper(isMapKeys) {
        return function(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
          var result = {};
          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
  
          baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
            var mapped = iteratee(value, key, object);
            key = isMapKeys ? mapped : key;
            value = isMapKeys ? value : mapped;
            result[key] = value;
          });
          return result;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.padLeft` or `_.padRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify padding from the right.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new pad function.
       */
      function createPadDir(fromRight) {
        return function(string, length, chars) {
          string = baseToString(string);
          return (fromRight ? string : '') + createPadding(string, length, chars) + (fromRight ? '' : string);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.partial` or `_.partialRight` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} flag The partial bit flag.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new partial function.
       */
      function createPartial(flag) {
        var partialFunc = restParam(function(func, partials) {
          var holders = replaceHolders(partials, partialFunc.placeholder);
          return createWrapper(func, flag, undefined, partials, holders);
        });
        return partialFunc;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function for `_.reduce` or `_.reduceRight`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
       * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
       */
      function createReduce(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
        return function(collection, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
          var initFromArray = arguments.length < 3;
          return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && thisArg === undefined && isArray(collection))
            ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray)
            : baseReduce(collection, getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4), accumulator, initFromArray, eachFunc);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with optional `this`
       * binding of, partial application, and currying.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
       * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
       * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
       * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided to the new function.
       * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
       * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
       * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
       * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
       */
      function createHybridWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
        var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG,
            isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
            isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG,
            isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
            isCurryBound = bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG,
            isCurryRight = bitmask & CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG,
            Ctor = isBindKey ? undefined : createCtorWrapper(func);
  
        function wrapper() {
          // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
          // converting it to an array before providing it to other functions.
          var length = arguments.length,
              index = length,
              args = Array(length);
  
          while (index--) {
            args[index] = arguments[index];
          }
          if (partials) {
            args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders);
          }
          if (partialsRight) {
            args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight);
          }
          if (isCurry || isCurryRight) {
            var placeholder = wrapper.placeholder,
                argsHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);
  
            length -= argsHolders.length;
            if (length < arity) {
              var newArgPos = argPos ? arrayCopy(argPos) : undefined,
                  newArity = nativeMax(arity - length, 0),
                  newsHolders = isCurry ? argsHolders : undefined,
                  newHoldersRight = isCurry ? undefined : argsHolders,
                  newPartials = isCurry ? args : undefined,
                  newPartialsRight = isCurry ? undefined : args;
  
              bitmask |= (isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
              bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);
  
              if (!isCurryBound) {
                bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
              }
              var newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, newPartials, newsHolders, newPartialsRight, newHoldersRight, newArgPos, ary, newArity],
                  result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
  
              if (isLaziable(func)) {
                setData(result, newData);
              }
              result.placeholder = placeholder;
              return result;
            }
          }
          var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this,
              fn = isBindKey ? thisBinding[func] : func;
  
          if (argPos) {
            args = reorder(args, argPos);
          }
          if (isAry && ary < args.length) {
            args.length = ary;
          }
          if (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) {
            fn = Ctor || createCtorWrapper(func);
          }
          return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
        }
        return wrapper;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates the padding required for `string` based on the given `length`.
       * The `chars` string is truncated if the number of characters exceeds `length`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {string} string The string to create padding for.
       * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
       * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
       * @returns {string} Returns the pad for `string`.
       */
      function createPadding(string, length, chars) {
        var strLength = string.length;
        length = +length;
  
        if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
          return '';
        }
        var padLength = length - strLength;
        chars = chars == null ? ' ' : (chars + '');
        return repeat(chars, nativeCeil(padLength / chars.length)).slice(0, padLength);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the optional `this`
       * binding of `thisArg` and the `partials` prepended to those provided to
       * the wrapper.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
       * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
       * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
       */
      function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
        var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
            Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);
  
        function wrapper() {
          // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
          // converting it to an array before providing it `func`.
          var argsIndex = -1,
              argsLength = arguments.length,
              leftIndex = -1,
              leftLength = partials.length,
              args = Array(leftLength + argsLength);
  
          while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
            args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
          }
          while (argsLength--) {
            args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
          }
          var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
          return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
        }
        return wrapper;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.ceil`, `_.floor`, or `_.round` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {string} methodName The name of the `Math` method to use when rounding.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new round function.
       */
      function createRound(methodName) {
        var func = Math[methodName];
        return function(number, precision) {
          precision = precision === undefined ? 0 : (+precision || 0);
          if (precision) {
            precision = pow(10, precision);
            return func(number * precision) / precision;
          }
          return func(number);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a `_.sortedIndex` or `_.sortedLastIndex` function.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new index function.
       */
      function createSortedIndex(retHighest) {
        return function(array, value, iteratee, thisArg) {
          var callback = getCallback(iteratee);
          return (iteratee == null && callback === baseCallback)
            ? binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest)
            : binaryIndexBy(array, value, callback(iteratee, thisArg, 1), retHighest);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
       * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
       * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags.
       *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
       *     1 - `_.bind`
       *     2 - `_.bindKey`
       *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
       *     8 - `_.curry`
       *    16 - `_.curryRight`
       *    32 - `_.partial`
       *    64 - `_.partialRight`
       *   128 - `_.rearg`
       *   256 - `_.ary`
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
       * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
       * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
       * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
       * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
       */
      function createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
        var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
        if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
          partials = holders = undefined;
        }
        length -= (holders ? holders.length : 0);
        if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
          var partialsRight = partials,
              holdersRight = holders;
  
          partials = holders = undefined;
        }
        var data = isBindKey ? undefined : getData(func),
            newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity];
  
        if (data) {
          mergeData(newData, data);
          bitmask = newData[1];
          arity = newData[9];
        }
        newData[9] = arity == null
          ? (isBindKey ? 0 : func.length)
          : (nativeMax(arity - length, 0) || 0);
  
        if (bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
          var result = createBindWrapper(newData[0], newData[2]);
        } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !newData[4].length) {
          result = createPartialWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
        } else {
          result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
        }
        var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
        return setter(result, newData);
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
       * partial deep comparisons.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
       * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
       * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing arrays.
       * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
       * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
        var index = -1,
            arrLength = array.length,
            othLength = other.length;
  
        if (arrLength != othLength && !(isLoose && othLength > arrLength)) {
          return false;
        }
        // Ignore non-index properties.
        while (++index < arrLength) {
          var arrValue = array[index],
              othValue = other[index],
              result = customizer ? customizer(isLoose ? othValue : arrValue, isLoose ? arrValue : othValue, index) : undefined;
  
          if (result !== undefined) {
            if (result) {
              continue;
            }
            return false;
          }
          // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
          if (isLoose) {
            if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue) {
                  return arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
                })) {
              return false;
            }
          } else if (!(arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB))) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
       * the same `toStringTag`.
       *
       * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
       * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
       * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
       * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function equalByTag(object, other, tag) {
        switch (tag) {
          case boolTag:
          case dateTag:
            // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
            // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal.
            return +object == +other;
  
          case errorTag:
            return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;
  
          case numberTag:
            // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
            return (object != +object)
              ? other != +other
              : object == +other;
  
          case regexpTag:
          case stringTag:
            // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings primitives and string
            // objects as equal. See https://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4 for more details.
            return object == (other + '');
        }
        return false;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
       * partial deep comparisons.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
       * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
       * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
       * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
       * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
       * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
       */
      function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
        var objProps = keys(object),
            objLength = objProps.length,
            othProps = keys(other),
            othLength = othProps.length;
  
        if (objLength != othLength && !isLoose) {
          return false;
        }
        var index = objLength;
        while (index--) {
          var key = objProps[index];
          if (!(isLoose ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key))) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        var skipCtor = isLoose;
        while (++index < objLength) {
          key = objProps[index];
          var objValue = object[key],
              othValue = other[key],
              result = customizer ? customizer(isLoose ? othValue : objValue, isLoose? objValue : othValue, key) : undefined;
  
          // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
          if (!(result === undefined ? equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) : result)) {
            return false;
          }
          skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
        }
        if (!skipCtor) {
          var objCtor = object.constructor,
              othCtor = other.constructor;
  
          // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
          if (objCtor != othCtor &&
              ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
              !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
                typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the appropriate "callback" function. If the `_.callback` method is
       * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
       * the `baseCallback` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
       * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
       *
       * @private
       * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
       */
      function getCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
        var result = lodash.callback || callback;
        result = result === callback ? baseCallback : result;
        return argCount ? result(func, thisArg, argCount) : result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets metadata for `func`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to query.
       * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
       */
      var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function(func) {
        return metaMap.get(func);
      };
  
      /**
       * Gets the name of `func`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to query.
       * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
       */
      function getFuncName(func) {
        var result = (func.name + ''),
            array = realNames[result],
            length = array ? array.length : 0;
  
        while (length--) {
          var data = array[length],
              otherFunc = data.func;
          if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
            return data.name;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
       * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
       * the `baseIndexOf` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
       * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
       *
       * @private
       * @returns {Function|number} Returns the chosen function or its result.
       */
      function getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) {
        var result = lodash.indexOf || indexOf;
        result = result === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
        return collection ? result(collection, target, fromIndex) : result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
       *
       * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792)
       * that affects Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
       */
      var getLength = baseProperty('length');
  
      /**
       * Gets the propery names, values, and compare flags of `object`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.
       */
      function getMatchData(object) {
        var result = pairs(object),
            length = result.length;
  
        while (length--) {
          result[length][2] = isStrictComparable(result[length][1]);
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.
       * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.
       */
      function getNative(object, key) {
        var value = object == null ? undefined : object[key];
        return isNative(value) ? value : undefined;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {number} start The start of the view.
       * @param {number} end The end of the view.
       * @param {Array} transforms The transformations to apply to the view.
       * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
       *  positions of the view.
       */
      function getView(start, end, transforms) {
        var index = -1,
            length = transforms.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var data = transforms[index],
              size = data.size;
  
          switch (data.type) {
            case 'drop':      start += size; break;
            case 'dropRight': end -= size; break;
            case 'take':      end = nativeMin(end, start + size); break;
            case 'takeRight': start = nativeMax(start, end - size); break;
          }
        }
        return { 'start': start, 'end': end };
      }
  
      /**
       * Initializes an array clone.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
       */
      function initCloneArray(array) {
        var length = array.length,
            result = new array.constructor(length);
  
        // Add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
        if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
          result.index = array.index;
          result.input = array.input;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Initializes an object clone.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
       */
      function initCloneObject(object) {
        var Ctor = object.constructor;
        if (!(typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor instanceof Ctor)) {
          Ctor = Object;
        }
        return new Ctor;
      }
  
      /**
       * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
       *
       * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
       * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
       * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
       * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
       */
      function initCloneByTag(object, tag, isDeep) {
        var Ctor = object.constructor;
        switch (tag) {
          case arrayBufferTag:
            return bufferClone(object);
  
          case boolTag:
          case dateTag:
            return new Ctor(+object);
  
          case float32Tag: case float64Tag:
          case int8Tag: case int16Tag: case int32Tag:
          case uint8Tag: case uint8ClampedTag: case uint16Tag: case uint32Tag:
            var buffer = object.buffer;
            return new Ctor(isDeep ? bufferClone(buffer) : buffer, object.byteOffset, object.length);
  
          case numberTag:
          case stringTag:
            return new Ctor(object);
  
          case regexpTag:
            var result = new Ctor(object.source, reFlags.exec(object));
            result.lastIndex = object.lastIndex;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Invokes the method at `path` on `object`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
       * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke the method with.
       * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
       */
      function invokePath(object, path, args) {
        if (object != null && !isKey(path, object)) {
          path = toPath(path);
          object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
          path = last(path);
        }
        var func = object == null ? object : object[path];
        return func == null ? undefined : func.apply(object, args);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is array-like.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
       */
      function isArrayLike(value) {
        return value != null && isLength(getLength(value));
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
       */
      function isIndex(value, length) {
        value = (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) ? +value : -1;
        length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
        return value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if the provided arguments are from an iteratee call.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
       * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
       * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call, else `false`.
       */
      function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
        if (!isObject(object)) {
          return false;
        }
        var type = typeof index;
        if (type == 'number'
            ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))
            : (type == 'string' && index in object)) {
          var other = object[index];
          return value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other);
        }
        return false;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.
       */
      function isKey(value, object) {
        var type = typeof value;
        if ((type == 'string' && reIsPlainProp.test(value)) || type == 'number') {
          return true;
        }
        if (isArray(value)) {
          return false;
        }
        var result = !reIsDeepProp.test(value);
        return result || (object != null && value in toObject(object));
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart, else `false`.
       */
      function isLaziable(func) {
        var funcName = getFuncName(func),
            other = lodash[funcName];
  
        if (typeof other != 'function' || !(funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype)) {
          return false;
        }
        if (func === other) {
          return true;
        }
        var data = getData(other);
        return !!data && func === data[0];
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
       *
       * **Note:** This function is based on [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
       */
      function isLength(value) {
        return typeof value == 'number' && value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
       *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
       */
      function isStrictComparable(value) {
        return value === value && !isObject(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
       *
       * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers required to invoke a function.
       * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
       * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and `_.rearg`
       * augment function arguments, making the order in which they are executed important,
       * preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make an exception for a safe
       * common case where curried functions have `_.ary` and or `_.rearg` applied.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
       * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
       */
      function mergeData(data, source) {
        var bitmask = data[1],
            srcBitmask = source[1],
            newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask,
            isCommon = newBitmask < ARY_FLAG;
  
        var isCombo =
          (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG) ||
          (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == REARG_FLAG && data[7].length <= source[8]) ||
          (srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG);
  
        // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
        if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
          return data;
        }
        // Use source `thisArg` if available.
        if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
          data[2] = source[2];
          // Set when currying a bound function.
          newBitmask |= (bitmask & BIND_FLAG) ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
        }
        // Compose partial arguments.
        var value = source[3];
        if (value) {
          var partials = data[3];
          data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : arrayCopy(value);
          data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[4]);
        }
        // Compose partial right arguments.
        value = source[5];
        if (value) {
          partials = data[5];
          data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : arrayCopy(value);
          data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[6]);
        }
        // Use source `argPos` if available.
        value = source[7];
        if (value) {
          data[7] = arrayCopy(value);
        }
        // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
        if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
          data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
        }
        // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
        if (data[9] == null) {
          data[9] = source[9];
        }
        // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
        data[0] = source[0];
        data[1] = newBitmask;
  
        return data;
      }
  
      /**
       * Used by `_.defaultsDeep` to customize its `_.merge` use.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
       * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
       * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
       */
      function mergeDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue) {
        return objectValue === undefined ? sourceValue : merge(objectValue, sourceValue, mergeDefaults);
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.pick` which picks `object` properties specified
       * by `props`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The source object.
       * @param {string[]} props The property names to pick.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       */
      function pickByArray(object, props) {
        object = toObject(object);
  
        var index = -1,
            length = props.length,
            result = {};
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (key in object) {
            result[key] = object[key];
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * A specialized version of `_.pick` which picks `object` properties `predicate`
       * returns truthy for.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The source object.
       * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       */
      function pickByCallback(object, predicate) {
        var result = {};
        baseForIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (predicate(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
       * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
       * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
       * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       */
      function reorder(array, indexes) {
        var arrLength = array.length,
            length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength),
            oldArray = arrayCopy(array);
  
        while (length--) {
          var index = indexes[length];
          array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets metadata for `func`.
       *
       * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
       * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity function
       * to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See [V8 issue 2070](https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
       * for more details.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
       * @param {*} data The metadata.
       * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
       */
      var setData = (function() {
        var count = 0,
            lastCalled = 0;
  
        return function(key, value) {
          var stamp = now(),
              remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);
  
          lastCalled = stamp;
          if (remaining > 0) {
            if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
              return key;
            }
          } else {
            count = 0;
          }
          return baseSetData(key, value);
        };
      }());
  
      /**
       * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which creates an array of the
       * own enumerable property names of `object`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
       */
      function shimKeys(object) {
        var props = keysIn(object),
            propsLength = props.length,
            length = propsLength && object.length;
  
        var allowIndexes = !!length && isLength(length) &&
          (isArray(object) || isArguments(object));
  
        var index = -1,
            result = [];
  
        while (++index < propsLength) {
          var key = props[index];
          if ((allowIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) || hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {
            result.push(key);
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `value` to an array-like object if it's not one.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to process.
       * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the array-like object.
       */
      function toIterable(value) {
        if (value == null) {
          return [];
        }
        if (!isArrayLike(value)) {
          return values(value);
        }
        return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `value` to an object if it's not one.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to process.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the object.
       */
      function toObject(value) {
        return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `value` to property path array if it's not one.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {*} value The value to process.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
       */
      function toPath(value) {
        if (isArray(value)) {
          return value;
        }
        var result = [];
        baseToString(value).replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, string) {
          result.push(quote ? string.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));
        });
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
       *
       * @private
       * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
       */
      function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
        return wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper
          ? wrapper.clone()
          : new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__, arrayCopy(wrapper.__actions__));
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
       * If `collection` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
       * elements.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to process.
       * @param {number} [size=1] The length of each chunk.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array containing chunks.
       * @example
       *
       * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
       * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
       *
       * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
       * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
       */
      function chunk(array, size, guard) {
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, size, guard) : size == null) {
          size = 1;
        } else {
          size = nativeMax(nativeFloor(size) || 1, 1);
        }
        var index = 0,
            length = array ? array.length : 0,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = Array(nativeCeil(length / size));
  
        while (index < length) {
          result[++resIndex] = baseSlice(array, index, (index += size));
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
       * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
       * @example
       *
       * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      function compact(array) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array ? array.length : 0,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = [];
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index];
          if (value) {
            result[++resIndex] = value;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of unique `array` values not included in the other
       * provided arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
       * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
       * @example
       *
       * _.difference([1, 2, 3], [4, 2]);
       * // => [1, 3]
       */
      var difference = restParam(function(array, values) {
        return (isObjectLike(array) && isArrayLike(array))
          ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true))
          : [];
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the beginning.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.drop([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [2, 3]
       *
       * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
       * // => [3]
       *
       * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
       * // => []
       *
       * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      function drop(array, n, guard) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
          n = 1;
        }
        return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the end.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [1, 2]
       *
       * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
       * // => [1]
       *
       * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
       * // => []
       *
       * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      function dropRight(array, n, guard) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
          n = 1;
        }
        n = length - (+n || 0);
        return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the end.
       * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
       * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that match the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.dropRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return n > 1;
       * });
       * // => [1]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
       */
      function dropRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
        return (array && array.length)
          ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true, true)
          : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the beginning.
       * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
       * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.dropWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return n < 3;
       * });
       * // => [3]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['pebbles']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
       */
      function dropWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
        return (array && array.length)
          ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true)
          : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Fills elements of `array` with `value` from `start` up to, but not
       * including, `end`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
       * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
       * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2, 3];
       *
       * _.fill(array, 'a');
       * console.log(array);
       * // => ['a', 'a', 'a']
       *
       * _.fill(Array(3), 2);
       * // => [2, 2, 2]
       *
       * _.fill([4, 6, 8], '*', 1, 2);
       * // => [4, '*', 8]
       */
      function fill(array, value, start, end) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (start && typeof start != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, value, start)) {
          start = 0;
          end = length;
        }
        return baseFill(array, value, start, end);
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
       * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
       * ];
       *
       * _.findIndex(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.user == 'barney';
       * });
       * // => 0
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
       * // => 1
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.findIndex(users, 'active', false);
       * // => 0
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.findIndex(users, 'active');
       * // => 2
       */
      var findIndex = createFindIndex();
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
       * of `collection` from right to left.
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * _.findLastIndex(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.user == 'pebbles';
       * });
       * // => 2
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
       * // => 0
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active', false);
       * // => 2
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
       * // => 0
       */
      var findLastIndex = createFindIndex(true);
  
      /**
       * Gets the first element of `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias head
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => 1
       *
       * _.first([]);
       * // => undefined
       */
      function first(array) {
        return array ? array[0] : undefined;
      }
  
      /**
       * Flattens a nested array. If `isDeep` is `true` the array is recursively
       * flattened, otherwise it's only flattened a single level.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
       * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
       * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
       *
       * // using `isDeep`
       * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]], true);
       * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
       */
      function flatten(array, isDeep, guard) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(array, isDeep, guard)) {
          isDeep = false;
        }
        return length ? baseFlatten(array, isDeep) : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Recursively flattens a nested array.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to recursively flatten.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
       * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
       */
      function flattenDeep(array) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        return length ? baseFlatten(array, true) : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
       * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
       * from the end of `array`. If `array` is sorted providing `true` for `fromIndex`
       * performs a faster binary search.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to search.
       * @param {*} value The value to search for.
       * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
       *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
       * // => 1
       *
       * // using `fromIndex`
       * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
       * // => 3
       *
       * // performing a binary search
       * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
       * // => 2
       */
      function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return -1;
        }
        if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
          fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : fromIndex;
        } else if (fromIndex) {
          var index = binaryIndex(array, value);
          if (index < length &&
              (value === value ? (value === array[index]) : (array[index] !== array[index]))) {
            return index;
          }
          return -1;
        }
        return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex || 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets all but the last element of `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [1, 2]
       */
      function initial(array) {
        return dropRight(array, 1);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of unique values that are included in all of the provided
       * arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
       * @example
       * _.intersection([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
       * // => [2]
       */
      var intersection = restParam(function(arrays) {
        var othLength = arrays.length,
            othIndex = othLength,
            caches = Array(length),
            indexOf = getIndexOf(),
            isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf,
            result = [];
  
        while (othIndex--) {
          var value = arrays[othIndex] = isArrayLike(value = arrays[othIndex]) ? value : [];
          caches[othIndex] = (isCommon && value.length >= 120) ? createCache(othIndex && value) : null;
        }
        var array = arrays[0],
            index = -1,
            length = array ? array.length : 0,
            seen = caches[0];
  
        outer:
        while (++index < length) {
          value = array[index];
          if ((seen ? cacheIndexOf(seen, value) : indexOf(result, value, 0)) < 0) {
            var othIndex = othLength;
            while (--othIndex) {
              var cache = caches[othIndex];
              if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(arrays[othIndex], value, 0)) < 0) {
                continue outer;
              }
            }
            if (seen) {
              seen.push(value);
            }
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
        return result;
      });
  
      /**
       * Gets the last element of `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => 3
       */
      function last(array) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it iterates over elements of
       * `array` from right to left.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to search.
       * @param {*} value The value to search for.
       * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from
       *  or `true` to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
       * // => 3
       *
       * // using `fromIndex`
       * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
       * // => 1
       *
       * // performing a binary search
       * _.lastIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
       * // => 3
       */
      function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return -1;
        }
        var index = length;
        if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
          index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : nativeMin(fromIndex || 0, length - 1)) + 1;
        } else if (fromIndex) {
          index = binaryIndex(array, value, true) - 1;
          var other = array[index];
          if (value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other)) {
            return index;
          }
          return -1;
        }
        if (value !== value) {
          return indexOfNaN(array, index, true);
        }
        while (index--) {
          if (array[index] === value) {
            return index;
          }
        }
        return -1;
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes all provided values from `array` using
       * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons.
       *
       * **Note:** Unlike `_.without`, this method mutates `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
       * @param {...*} [values] The values to remove.
       * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
       *
       * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1, 1]
       */
      function pull() {
        var args = arguments,
            array = args[0];
  
        if (!(array && array.length)) {
          return array;
        }
        var index = 0,
            indexOf = getIndexOf(),
            length = args.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var fromIndex = 0,
              value = args[index];
  
          while ((fromIndex = indexOf(array, value, fromIndex)) > -1) {
            splice.call(array, fromIndex, 1);
          }
        }
        return array;
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes elements from `array` corresponding to the given indexes and returns
       * an array of the removed elements. Indexes may be specified as an array of
       * indexes or as individual arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** Unlike `_.at`, this method mutates `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
       * @param {...(number|number[])} [indexes] The indexes of elements to remove,
       *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [5, 10, 15, 20];
       * var evens = _.pullAt(array, 1, 3);
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [5, 15]
       *
       * console.log(evens);
       * // => [10, 20]
       */
      var pullAt = restParam(function(array, indexes) {
        indexes = baseFlatten(indexes);
  
        var result = baseAt(array, indexes);
        basePullAt(array, indexes.sort(baseCompareAscending));
        return result;
      });
  
      /**
       * Removes all elements from `array` that `predicate` returns truthy for
       * and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is bound to
       * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * **Note:** Unlike `_.filter`, this method mutates `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
       * var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
       *   return n % 2 == 0;
       * });
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1, 3]
       *
       * console.log(evens);
       * // => [2, 4]
       */
      function remove(array, predicate, thisArg) {
        var result = [];
        if (!(array && array.length)) {
          return result;
        }
        var index = -1,
            indexes = [],
            length = array.length;
  
        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = array[index];
          if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
            result.push(value);
            indexes.push(index);
          }
        }
        basePullAt(array, indexes);
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets all but the first element of `array`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias tail
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [2, 3]
       */
      function rest(array) {
        return drop(array, 1);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node
       * lists in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
       * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       */
      function slice(array, start, end) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (end && typeof end != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, start, end)) {
          start = 0;
          end = length;
        }
        return baseSlice(array, start, end);
      }
  
      /**
       * Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which `value` should
       * be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order. If an iteratee
       * function is provided it's invoked for `value` and each element of `array`
       * to compute their sort ranking. The iteratee is bound to `thisArg` and
       * invoked with one argument; (value).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
       * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
       *  into `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
       * // => 1
       *
       * _.sortedIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
       * // => 2
       *
       * var dict = { 'data': { 'thirty': 30, 'forty': 40, 'fifty': 50 } };
       *
       * // using an iteratee function
       * _.sortedIndex(['thirty', 'fifty'], 'forty', function(word) {
       *   return this.data[word];
       * }, dict);
       * // => 1
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
       * // => 1
       */
      var sortedIndex = createSortedIndex();
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it returns the highest
       * index at which `value` should be inserted into `array` in order to
       * maintain its sort order.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
       * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
       *  into `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.sortedLastIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
       * // => 4
       */
      var sortedLastIndex = createSortedIndex(true);
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the beginning.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.take([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [1]
       *
       * _.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
       * // => [1, 2]
       *
       * _.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * _.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
       * // => []
       */
      function take(array, n, guard) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
          n = 1;
        }
        return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the end.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [3]
       *
       * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
       * // => [2, 3]
       *
       * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
       * // => []
       */
      function takeRight(array, n, guard) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
          n = 1;
        }
        n = length - (+n || 0);
        return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the end. Elements are
       * taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to `thisArg`
       * and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.takeRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return n > 1;
       * });
       * // => [2, 3]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => ['pebbles']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => []
       */
      function takeRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
        return (array && array.length)
          ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), false, true)
          : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the beginning. Elements
       * are taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to
       * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to query.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.takeWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return n < 3;
       * });
       * // => [1, 2]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => []
       */
      function takeWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
        return (array && array.length)
          ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3))
          : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all of the provided arrays
       * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
       * @example
       *
       * _.union([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
       * // => [1, 2, 4]
       */
      var union = restParam(function(arrays) {
        return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true));
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using
       * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurence of each element
       * is kept. Providing `true` for `isSorted` performs a faster search algorithm
       * for sorted arrays. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked for
       * each element in the array to generate the criterion by which uniqueness
       * is computed. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
       * arguments: (value, index, array).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias unique
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
       * @param {boolean} [isSorted] Specify the array is sorted.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate-value-free array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
       * // => [2, 1]
       *
       * // using `isSorted`
       * _.uniq([1, 1, 2], true);
       * // => [1, 2]
       *
       * // using an iteratee function
       * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 1.5, 2], function(n) {
       *   return this.floor(n);
       * }, Math);
       * // => [1, 2.5]
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
       * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
       */
      function uniq(array, isSorted, iteratee, thisArg) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        if (isSorted != null && typeof isSorted != 'boolean') {
          thisArg = iteratee;
          iteratee = isIterateeCall(array, isSorted, thisArg) ? undefined : isSorted;
          isSorted = false;
        }
        var callback = getCallback();
        if (!(iteratee == null && callback === baseCallback)) {
          iteratee = callback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
        }
        return (isSorted && getIndexOf() === baseIndexOf)
          ? sortedUniq(array, iteratee)
          : baseUniq(array, iteratee);
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an array of grouped
       * elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-zip
       * configuration.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
       * @example
       *
       * var zipped = _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
       * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
       *
       * _.unzip(zipped);
       * // => [['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]]
       */
      function unzip(array) {
        if (!(array && array.length)) {
          return [];
        }
        var index = -1,
            length = 0;
  
        array = arrayFilter(array, function(group) {
          if (isArrayLike(group)) {
            length = nativeMax(group.length, length);
            return true;
          }
        });
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = arrayMap(array, baseProperty(index));
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.unzip` except that it accepts an iteratee to specify
       * how regrouped values should be combined. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg`
       * and invoked with four arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function to combine regrouped values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
       * @example
       *
       * var zipped = _.zip([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200]);
       * // => [[1, 10, 100], [2, 20, 200]]
       *
       * _.unzipWith(zipped, _.add);
       * // => [3, 30, 300]
       */
      function unzipWith(array, iteratee, thisArg) {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        var result = unzip(array);
        if (iteratee == null) {
          return result;
        }
        iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4);
        return arrayMap(result, function(group) {
          return arrayReduce(group, iteratee, undefined, true);
        });
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array excluding all provided values using
       * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
       * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
       * @example
       *
       * _.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
       * // => [3]
       */
      var without = restParam(function(array, values) {
        return isArrayLike(array)
          ? baseDifference(array, values)
          : [];
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of unique values that is the [symmetric difference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference)
       * of the provided arrays.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
       * @example
       *
       * _.xor([1, 2], [4, 2]);
       * // => [1, 4]
       */
      function xor() {
        var index = -1,
            length = arguments.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var array = arguments[index];
          if (isArrayLike(array)) {
            var result = result
              ? arrayPush(baseDifference(result, array), baseDifference(array, result))
              : array;
          }
        }
        return result ? baseUniq(result) : [];
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
       * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second elements
       * of the given arrays, and so on.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
       * @example
       *
       * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
       * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
       */
      var zip = restParam(unzip);
  
      /**
       * The inverse of `_.pairs`; this method returns an object composed from arrays
       * of property names and values. Provide either a single two dimensional array,
       * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]` or two arrays, one of property names
       * and one of corresponding values.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias object
       * @category Array
       * @param {Array} props The property names.
       * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       * @example
       *
       * _.zipObject([['fred', 30], ['barney', 40]]);
       * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
       *
       * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
       * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
       */
      function zipObject(props, values) {
        var index = -1,
            length = props ? props.length : 0,
            result = {};
  
        if (length && !values && !isArray(props[0])) {
          values = [];
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (values) {
            result[key] = values[index];
          } else if (key) {
            result[key[0]] = key[1];
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an iteratee to specify
       * how grouped values should be combined. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg`
       * and invoked with four arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Array
       * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function to combine grouped values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
       * @example
       *
       * _.zipWith([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200], _.add);
       * // => [111, 222]
       */
      var zipWith = restParam(function(arrays) {
        var length = arrays.length,
            iteratee = length > 2 ? arrays[length - 2] : undefined,
            thisArg = length > 1 ? arrays[length - 1] : undefined;
  
        if (length > 2 && typeof iteratee == 'function') {
          length -= 2;
        } else {
          iteratee = (length > 1 && typeof thisArg == 'function') ? (--length, thisArg) : undefined;
          thisArg = undefined;
        }
        arrays.length = length;
        return unzipWith(arrays, iteratee, thisArg);
      });
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps `value` with explicit method
       * chaining enabled.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
       * ];
       *
       * var youngest = _.chain(users)
       *   .sortBy('age')
       *   .map(function(chr) {
       *     return chr.user + ' is ' + chr.age;
       *   })
       *   .first()
       *   .value();
       * // => 'pebbles is 1'
       */
      function chain(value) {
        var result = lodash(value);
        result.__chain__ = true;
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor is
       * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of
       * this method is to "tap into" a method chain in order to perform operations
       * on intermediate results within the chain.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
       * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
       * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
       * @example
       *
       * _([1, 2, 3])
       *  .tap(function(array) {
       *    array.pop();
       *  })
       *  .reverse()
       *  .value();
       * // => [2, 1]
       */
      function tap(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
        interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
        return value;
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
       * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
       * @example
       *
       * _('  abc  ')
       *  .chain()
       *  .trim()
       *  .thru(function(value) {
       *    return [value];
       *  })
       *  .value();
       * // => ['abc']
       */
      function thru(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
        return interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
       *
       * @name chain
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
       * ];
       *
       * // without explicit chaining
       * _(users).first();
       * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       *
       * // with explicit chaining
       * _(users).chain()
       *   .first()
       *   .pick('user')
       *   .value();
       * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
       */
      function wrapperChain() {
        return chain(this);
      }
  
      /**
       * Executes the chained sequence and returns the wrapped result.
       *
       * @name commit
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2];
       * var wrapped = _(array).push(3);
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1, 2]
       *
       * wrapped = wrapped.commit();
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * wrapped.last();
       * // => 3
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      function wrapperCommit() {
        return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a new array joining a wrapped array with any additional arrays
       * and/or values.
       *
       * @name concat
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @param {...*} [values] The values to concatenate.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1];
       * var wrapped = _(array).concat(2, [3], [[4]]);
       *
       * console.log(wrapped.value());
       * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [1]
       */
      var wrapperConcat = restParam(function(values) {
        values = baseFlatten(values);
        return this.thru(function(array) {
          return arrayConcat(isArray(array) ? array : [toObject(array)], values);
        });
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a clone of the chained sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
       *
       * @name plant
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2];
       * var wrapped = _(array).map(function(value) {
       *   return Math.pow(value, 2);
       * });
       *
       * var other = [3, 4];
       * var otherWrapped = wrapped.plant(other);
       *
       * otherWrapped.value();
       * // => [9, 16]
       *
       * wrapped.value();
       * // => [1, 4]
       */
      function wrapperPlant(value) {
        var result,
            parent = this;
  
        while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
          var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
          if (result) {
            previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
          } else {
            result = clone;
          }
          var previous = clone;
          parent = parent.__wrapped__;
        }
        previous.__wrapped__ = value;
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Reverses the wrapped array so the first element becomes the last, the
       * second element becomes the second to last, and so on.
       *
       * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
       *
       * @name reverse
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `lodash` wrapper instance.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [1, 2, 3];
       *
       * _(array).reverse().value()
       * // => [3, 2, 1]
       *
       * console.log(array);
       * // => [3, 2, 1]
       */
      function wrapperReverse() {
        var value = this.__wrapped__;
  
        var interceptor = function(value) {
          return value.reverse();
        };
        if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
          var wrapped = value;
          if (this.__actions__.length) {
            wrapped = new LazyWrapper(this);
          }
          wrapped = wrapped.reverse();
          wrapped.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined });
          return new LodashWrapper(wrapped, this.__chain__);
        }
        return this.thru(interceptor);
      }
  
      /**
       * Produces the result of coercing the unwrapped value to a string.
       *
       * @name toString
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {string} Returns the coerced string value.
       * @example
       *
       * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
       * // => '1,2,3'
       */
      function wrapperToString() {
        return (this.value() + '');
      }
  
      /**
       * Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.
       *
       * @name value
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias run, toJSON, valueOf
       * @category Chain
       * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
       * @example
       *
       * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      function wrapperValue() {
        return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of elements corresponding to the given keys, or indexes,
       * of `collection`. Keys may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
       * of keys.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [props] The property names
       *  or indexes of elements to pick, specified individually or in arrays.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
       * @example
       *
       * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c'], [0, 2]);
       * // => ['a', 'c']
       *
       * _.at(['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);
       * // => ['barney', 'pebbles']
       */
      var at = restParam(function(collection, props) {
        return baseAt(collection, baseFlatten(props));
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
       * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
       * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by `iteratee`.
       * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
       * @example
       *
       * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
       *   return Math.floor(n);
       * });
       * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
       *
       * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
       *   return this.floor(n);
       * }, Math);
       * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
       *
       * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
       * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
       */
      var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
        hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? ++result[key] : (result[key] = 1);
      });
  
      /**
       * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
       * The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias all
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
       *  else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
       * // => false
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
       * // => false
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.every(users, 'active', false);
       * // => true
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.every(users, 'active');
       * // => false
       */
      function every(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
          predicate = undefined;
        }
        if (typeof predicate != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
        }
        return func(collection, predicate);
      }
  
      /**
       * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
       * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
       * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias select
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.filter([4, 5, 6], function(n) {
       *   return n % 2 == 0;
       * });
       * // => [4, 6]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['fred']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       */
      function filter(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
        return func(collection, predicate);
      }
  
      /**
       * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
       * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
       * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias detect
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
       * ];
       *
       * _.result(_.find(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.age < 40;
       * }), 'user');
       * // => 'barney'
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.result(_.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true }), 'user');
       * // => 'pebbles'
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.result(_.find(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => 'fred'
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.result(_.find(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => 'barney'
       */
      var find = createFind(baseEach);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements of
       * `collection` from right to left.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
       *   return n % 2 == 1;
       * });
       * // => 3
       */
      var findLast = createFind(baseEachRight, true);
  
      /**
       * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
       * source object, returning the first element that has equivalent property
       * values.
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
       * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
       * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
       * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
       * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
       * // => 'barney'
       *
       * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => 'fred'
       */
      function findWhere(collection, source) {
        return find(collection, baseMatches(source));
      }
  
      /**
       * Iterates over elements of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each element.
       * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early
       * by explicitly returning `false`.
       *
       * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length" property
       * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
       * may be used for object iteration.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias each
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
       * @example
       *
       * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(n) {
       *   console.log(n);
       * }).value();
       * // => logs each value from left to right and returns the array
       *
       * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n, key) {
       *   console.log(n, key);
       * });
       * // => logs each value-key pair and returns the object (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      var forEach = createForEach(arrayEach, baseEach);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements of
       * `collection` from right to left.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias eachRight
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
       * @example
       *
       * _([1, 2]).forEachRight(function(n) {
       *   console.log(n);
       * }).value();
       * // => logs each value from right to left and returns the array
       */
      var forEachRight = createForEach(arrayEachRight, baseEachRight);
  
      /**
       * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
       * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
       * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
       * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
       * @example
       *
       * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
       *   return Math.floor(n);
       * });
       * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
       *
       * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
       *   return this.floor(n);
       * }, Math);
       * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
       * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
       */
      var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
          result[key].push(value);
        } else {
          result[key] = [value];
        }
      });
  
      /**
       * Checks if `target` is in `collection` using
       * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
       * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
       * from the end of `collection`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias contains, include
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {*} target The value to search for.
       * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if a matching element is found, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
       * // => true
       */
      function includes(collection, target, fromIndex, guard) {
        var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
        if (!isLength(length)) {
          collection = values(collection);
          length = collection.length;
        }
        if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || (guard && isIterateeCall(target, fromIndex, guard))) {
          fromIndex = 0;
        } else {
          fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : (fromIndex || 0);
        }
        return (typeof collection == 'string' || !isArray(collection) && isString(collection))
          ? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) > -1)
          : (!!length && getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
       * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
       * of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The
       * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
       * @example
       *
       * var keyData = [
       *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
       *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.indexBy(keyData, 'dir');
       * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
       *
       * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
       *   return String.fromCharCode(object.code);
       * });
       * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
       *
       * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
       *   return this.fromCharCode(object.code);
       * }, String);
       * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
       */
      var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
        result[key] = value;
      });
  
      /**
       * Invokes the method at `path` of each element in `collection`, returning
       * an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments
       * are provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it's
       * invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Array|Function|string} path The path of the method to invoke or
       *  the function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
       * @example
       *
       * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
       * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
       *
       * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
       * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
       */
      var invoke = restParam(function(collection, path, args) {
        var index = -1,
            isFunc = typeof path == 'function',
            isProp = isKey(path),
            result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
  
        baseEach(collection, function(value) {
          var func = isFunc ? path : ((isProp && value != null) ? value[path] : undefined);
          result[++index] = func ? func.apply(value, args) : invokePath(value, path, args);
        });
        return result;
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` through
       * `iteratee`. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
       * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
       * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
       *
       * The guarded methods are:
       * `ary`, `callback`, `chunk`, `clone`, `create`, `curry`, `curryRight`,
       * `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`, `fill`, `flatten`, `invert`, `max`, `min`,
       * `parseInt`, `slice`, `sortBy`, `take`, `takeRight`, `template`, `trim`,
       * `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `trunc`, `random`, `range`, `sample`, `some`,
       * `sum`, `uniq`, and `words`
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias collect
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
       * @example
       *
       * function timesThree(n) {
       *   return n * 3;
       * }
       *
       * _.map([1, 2], timesThree);
       * // => [3, 6]
       *
       * _.map({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, timesThree);
       * // => [3, 6] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney' },
       *   { 'user': 'fred' }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.map(users, 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred']
       */
      function map(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
        return func(collection, iteratee);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which
       * contains elements `predicate` returns truthy for, while the second of which
       * contains elements `predicate` returns falsey for. The predicate is bound
       * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of grouped elements.
       * @example
       *
       * _.partition([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return n % 2;
       * });
       * // => [[1, 3], [2]]
       *
       * _.partition([1.2, 2.3, 3.4], function(n) {
       *   return this.floor(n) % 2;
       * }, Math);
       * // => [[1.2, 3.4], [2.3]]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * var mapper = function(array) {
       *   return _.pluck(array, 'user');
       * };
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.map(_.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false }), mapper);
       * // => [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active', false), mapper);
       * // => [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active'), mapper);
       * // => [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
       */
      var partition = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
        result[key ? 0 : 1].push(value);
      }, function() { return [[], []]; });
  
      /**
       * Gets the property value of `path` from all elements in `collection`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to pluck.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the property values.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.pluck(users, 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred']
       *
       * var userIndex = _.indexBy(users, 'user');
       * _.pluck(userIndex, 'age');
       * // => [36, 40] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      function pluck(collection, path) {
        return map(collection, property(path));
      }
  
      /**
       * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
       * each element in `collection` through `iteratee`, where each successive
       * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
       * is not provided the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
       * value. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments:
       * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
       * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
       *
       * The guarded methods are:
       * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `sortByAll`,
       * and `sortByOrder`
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias foldl, inject
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       * @example
       *
       * _.reduce([1, 2], function(total, n) {
       *   return total + n;
       * });
       * // => 3
       *
       * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
       *   result[key] = n * 3;
       *   return result;
       * }, {});
       * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      var reduce = createReduce(arrayReduce, baseEach);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements of
       * `collection` from right to left.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias foldr
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
       *
       * _.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
       *   return flattened.concat(other);
       * }, []);
       * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
       */
      var reduceRight = createReduce(arrayReduceRight, baseEachRight);
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
       * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
       *   return n % 2 == 0;
       * });
       * // => [1, 3]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true }), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active', false), 'user');
       * // => ['fred']
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active'), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       */
      function reject(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
        return func(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return !predicate(value, index, collection);
        });
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
       * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the random sample(s).
       * @example
       *
       * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
       * // => 2
       *
       * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
       * // => [3, 1]
       */
      function sample(collection, n, guard) {
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(collection, n, guard) : n == null) {
          collection = toIterable(collection);
          var length = collection.length;
          return length > 0 ? collection[baseRandom(0, length - 1)] : undefined;
        }
        var index = -1,
            result = toArray(collection),
            length = result.length,
            lastIndex = length - 1;
  
        n = nativeMin(n < 0 ? 0 : (+n || 0), length);
        while (++index < n) {
          var rand = baseRandom(index, lastIndex),
              value = result[rand];
  
          result[rand] = result[index];
          result[index] = value;
        }
        result.length = n;
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the
       * [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new shuffled array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
       * // => [4, 1, 3, 2]
       */
      function shuffle(collection) {
        return sample(collection, POSITIVE_INFINITY);
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
       * values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
       * @returns {number} Returns the size of `collection`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => 3
       *
       * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
       * // => 2
       *
       * _.size('pebbles');
       * // => 7
       */
      function size(collection) {
        var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
        return isLength(length) ? length : keys(collection).length;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
       * The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and does not iterate
       * over the entire collection. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
       * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias any
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
       *  else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
       * // => true
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
       * // => false
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.some(users, 'active', false);
       * // => true
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.some(users, 'active');
       * // => true
       */
      function some(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
        var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
          predicate = undefined;
        }
        if (typeof predicate != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
        }
        return func(collection, predicate);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
       * running each element in a collection through `iteratee`. This method performs
       * a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of equal elements.
       * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, index|key, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
       * @example
       *
       * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return Math.sin(n);
       * });
       * // => [3, 1, 2]
       *
       * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
       *   return this.sin(n);
       * }, Math);
       * // => [3, 1, 2]
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'fred' },
       *   { 'user': 'pebbles' },
       *   { 'user': 'barney' }
       * ];
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.pluck(_.sortBy(users, 'user'), 'user');
       * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
       */
      function sortBy(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
        if (collection == null) {
          return [];
        }
        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
          iteratee = undefined;
        }
        var index = -1;
        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
  
        var result = baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          return { 'criteria': iteratee(value, key, collection), 'index': ++index, 'value': value };
        });
        return baseSortBy(result, compareAscending);
      }
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.sortBy` except that it can sort by multiple iteratees
       * or property names.
       *
       * If a property name is provided for an iteratee the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If an object is provided for an iteratee the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {...(Function|Function[]|Object|Object[]|string|string[])} iteratees
       *  The iteratees to sort by, specified as individual values or arrays of values.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.map(_.sortByAll(users, ['user', 'age']), _.values);
       * // => [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 42], ['fred', 48]]
       *
       * _.map(_.sortByAll(users, 'user', function(chr) {
       *   return Math.floor(chr.age / 10);
       * }), _.values);
       * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
       */
      var sortByAll = restParam(function(collection, iteratees) {
        if (collection == null) {
          return [];
        }
        var guard = iteratees[2];
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], guard)) {
          iteratees.length = 1;
        }
        return baseSortByOrder(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees), []);
      });
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.sortByAll` except that it allows specifying the
       * sort orders of the iteratees to sort by. If `orders` is unspecified, all
       * values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise, a value is sorted in
       * ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and descending if "desc".
       *
       * If a property name is provided for an iteratee the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If an object is provided for an iteratee the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
       * @param {boolean[]} [orders] The sort orders of `iteratees`.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       * ];
       *
       * // sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order
       * _.map(_.sortByOrder(users, ['user', 'age'], ['asc', 'desc']), _.values);
       * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
       */
      function sortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders, guard) {
        if (collection == null) {
          return [];
        }
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(iteratees, orders, guard)) {
          orders = undefined;
        }
        if (!isArray(iteratees)) {
          iteratees = iteratees == null ? [] : [iteratees];
        }
        if (!isArray(orders)) {
          orders = orders == null ? [] : [orders];
        }
        return baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders);
      }
  
      /**
       * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
       * source object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
       * property values.
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
       * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
       * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
       * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Collection
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
       * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
       * ];
       *
       * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': false }), 'user');
       * // => ['barney']
       *
       * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'pets': ['dino'] }), 'user');
       * // => ['fred']
       */
      function where(collection, source) {
        return filter(collection, baseMatches(source));
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch
       * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Date
       * @example
       *
       * _.defer(function(stamp) {
       *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
       * }, _.now());
       * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked
       */
      var now = nativeNow || function() {
        return new Date().getTime();
      };
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.before`; this method creates a function that invokes
       * `func` once it's called `n` or more times.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {number} n The number of calls before `func` is invoked.
       * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
       * @example
       *
       * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
       *
       * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
       *   console.log('done saving!');
       * });
       *
       * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
       *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
       * });
       * // => logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed
       */
      function after(n, func) {
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          if (typeof n == 'function') {
            var temp = n;
            n = func;
            func = temp;
          } else {
            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
          }
        }
        n = nativeIsFinite(n = +n) ? n : 0;
        return function() {
          if (--n < 1) {
            return func.apply(this, arguments);
          }
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that accepts up to `n` arguments ignoring any
       * additional arguments.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
       * @param {number} [n=func.length] The arity cap.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
       * // => [6, 8, 10]
       */
      function ary(func, n, guard) {
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, n, guard)) {
          n = undefined;
        }
        n = (func && n == null) ? func.length : nativeMax(+n || 0, 0);
        return createWrapper(func, ARY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, n);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
       * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
       * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
       * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
       * @example
       *
       * jQuery('#add').on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
       * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
       */
      function before(n, func) {
        var result;
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          if (typeof n == 'function') {
            var temp = n;
            n = func;
            func = temp;
          } else {
            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
          }
        }
        return function() {
          if (--n > 0) {
            result = func.apply(this, arguments);
          }
          if (n <= 1) {
            func = undefined;
          }
          return result;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
       * and prepends any additional `_.bind` arguments to those provided to the
       * bound function.
       *
       * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
       * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method does not set the "length"
       * property of bound functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
       * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
       * @example
       *
       * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
       *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
       * };
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       *
       * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
       * bound('!');
       * // => 'hi fred!'
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
       * bound('hi');
       * // => 'hi fred!'
       */
      var bind = restParam(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
        var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
        if (partials.length) {
          var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bind.placeholder);
          bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
        }
        return createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
      });
  
      /**
       * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
       * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
       * of method names. If no method names are provided all enumerable function
       * properties, own and inherited, of `object` are bound.
       *
       * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of bound functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
       * @param {...(string|string[])} [methodNames] The object method names to bind,
       *  specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * var view = {
       *   'label': 'docs',
       *   'onClick': function() {
       *     console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
       *   }
       * };
       *
       * _.bindAll(view);
       * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
       * // => logs 'clicked docs' when the element is clicked
       */
      var bindAll = restParam(function(object, methodNames) {
        methodNames = methodNames.length ? baseFlatten(methodNames) : functions(object);
  
        var index = -1,
            length = methodNames.length;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = methodNames[index];
          object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], BIND_FLAG, object);
        }
        return object;
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes the method at `object[key]` and prepends
       * any additional `_.bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound function.
       *
       * This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to reference
       * methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist.
       * See [Peter Michaux's article](http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern)
       * for more details.
       *
       * The `_.bindKey.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
       * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
       * @param {string} key The key of the method.
       * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = {
       *   'user': 'fred',
       *   'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
       *     return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
       *   }
       * };
       *
       * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
       * bound('!');
       * // => 'hi fred!'
       *
       * object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
       *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
       * };
       *
       * bound('!');
       * // => 'hiya fred!'
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
       * bound('hi');
       * // => 'hiya fred!'
       */
      var bindKey = restParam(function(object, key, partials) {
        var bitmask = BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG;
        if (partials.length) {
          var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bindKey.placeholder);
          bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
        }
        return createWrapper(key, bitmask, object, partials, holders);
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
       * called either invokes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
       * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
       * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` may be specified
       * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
       *
       * The `_.curry.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
       * may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of curried functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
       * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
       * @example
       *
       * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
       *   return [a, b, c];
       * };
       *
       * var curried = _.curry(abc);
       *
       * curried(1)(2)(3);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * curried(1, 2)(3);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * curried(1, 2, 3);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      var curry = createCurry(CURRY_FLAG);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.curry` except that arguments are applied to `func`
       * in the manner of `_.partialRight` instead of `_.partial`.
       *
       * The `_.curryRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
       * builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of curried functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
       * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
       * @example
       *
       * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
       *   return [a, b, c];
       * };
       *
       * var curried = _.curryRight(abc);
       *
       * curried(3)(2)(1);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * curried(2, 3)(1);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * curried(1, 2, 3);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * curried(3)(1, _)(2);
       * // => [1, 2, 3]
       */
      var curryRight = createCurry(CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);
  
      /**
       * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
       * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
       * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
       * delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate that `func`
       * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout.
       * Subsequent calls to the debounced function return the result of the last
       * `func` invocation.
       *
       * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
       * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
       * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
       *
       * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
       * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
       * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
       * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
       * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify invoking on the leading
       *  edge of the timeout.
       * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be
       *  delayed before it's invoked.
       * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
       *  edge of the timeout.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
       * @example
       *
       * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
       * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
       *
       * // invoke `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
       * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
       *   'leading': true,
       *   'trailing': false
       * }));
       *
       * // ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls
       * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
       * jQuery(source).on('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
       *   'maxWait': 1000
       * }));
       *
       * // cancel a debounced call
       * var todoChanges = _.debounce(batchLog, 1000);
       * Object.observe(models.todo, todoChanges);
       *
       * Object.observe(models, function(changes) {
       *   if (_.find(changes, { 'user': 'todo', 'type': 'delete'})) {
       *     todoChanges.cancel();
       *   }
       * }, ['delete']);
       *
       * // ...at some point `models.todo` is changed
       * models.todo.completed = true;
       *
       * // ...before 1 second has passed `models.todo` is deleted
       * // which cancels the debounced `todoChanges` call
       * delete models.todo;
       */
      function debounce(func, wait, options) {
        var args,
            maxTimeoutId,
            result,
            stamp,
            thisArg,
            timeoutId,
            trailingCall,
            lastCalled = 0,
            maxWait = false,
            trailing = true;
  
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        wait = wait < 0 ? 0 : (+wait || 0);
        if (options === true) {
          var leading = true;
          trailing = false;
        } else if (isObject(options)) {
          leading = !!options.leading;
          maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && nativeMax(+options.maxWait || 0, wait);
          trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
        }
  
        function cancel() {
          if (timeoutId) {
            clearTimeout(timeoutId);
          }
          if (maxTimeoutId) {
            clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
          }
          lastCalled = 0;
          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
        }
  
        function complete(isCalled, id) {
          if (id) {
            clearTimeout(id);
          }
          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
          if (isCalled) {
            lastCalled = now();
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
            if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
              args = thisArg = undefined;
            }
          }
        }
  
        function delayed() {
          var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
          if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
            complete(trailingCall, maxTimeoutId);
          } else {
            timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
          }
        }
  
        function maxDelayed() {
          complete(trailing, timeoutId);
        }
  
        function debounced() {
          args = arguments;
          stamp = now();
          thisArg = this;
          trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);
  
          if (maxWait === false) {
            var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
          } else {
            if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
              lastCalled = stamp;
            }
            var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),
                isCalled = remaining <= 0 || remaining > maxWait;
  
            if (isCalled) {
              if (maxTimeoutId) {
                maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
              }
              lastCalled = stamp;
              result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
            }
            else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
              maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
            }
          }
          if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
            timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
          }
          else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
            timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
          }
          if (leadingCall) {
            isCalled = true;
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
          if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
            args = thisArg = undefined;
          }
          return result;
        }
        debounced.cancel = cancel;
        return debounced;
      }
  
      /**
       * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
       * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
       * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
       * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
       * @example
       *
       * _.defer(function(text) {
       *   console.log(text);
       * }, 'deferred');
       * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
       */
      var defer = restParam(function(func, args) {
        return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
      });
  
      /**
       * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
       * provided to `func` when it's invoked.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
       * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
       * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
       * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
       * @example
       *
       * _.delay(function(text) {
       *   console.log(text);
       * }, 1000, 'later');
       * // => logs 'later' after one second
       */
      var delay = restParam(function(func, wait, args) {
        return baseDelay(func, wait, args);
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the provided
       * functions with the `this` binding of the created function, where each
       * successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * function square(n) {
       *   return n * n;
       * }
       *
       * var addSquare = _.flow(_.add, square);
       * addSquare(1, 2);
       * // => 9
       */
      var flow = createFlow();
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.flow` except that it creates a function that
       * invokes the provided functions from right to left.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias backflow, compose
       * @category Function
       * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * function square(n) {
       *   return n * n;
       * }
       *
       * var addSquare = _.flowRight(square, _.add);
       * addSquare(1, 2);
       * // => 9
       */
      var flowRight = createFlow(true);
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
       * provided it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
       * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
       * provided to the memoized function is coerced to a string and used as the
       * cache key. The `func` is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized
       * function.
       *
       * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
       * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
       * constructor with one whose instances implement the [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
       * method interface of `get`, `has`, and `set`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
       * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
       * @example
       *
       * var upperCase = _.memoize(function(string) {
       *   return string.toUpperCase();
       * });
       *
       * upperCase('fred');
       * // => 'FRED'
       *
       * // modifying the result cache
       * upperCase.cache.set('fred', 'BARNEY');
       * upperCase('fred');
       * // => 'BARNEY'
       *
       * // replacing `_.memoize.Cache`
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       * var other = { 'user': 'barney' };
       * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
       *
       * identity(object);
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       * identity(other);
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       *
       * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
       * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
       *
       * identity(object);
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       * identity(other);
       * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
       */
      function memoize(func, resolver) {
        if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver && typeof resolver != 'function')) {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        var memoized = function() {
          var args = arguments,
              key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],
              cache = memoized.cache;
  
          if (cache.has(key)) {
            return cache.get(key);
          }
          var result = func.apply(this, args);
          memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result);
          return result;
        };
        memoized.cache = new memoize.Cache;
        return memoized;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that runs each argument through a corresponding
       * transform function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
       * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [transforms] The functions to transform
       * arguments, specified as individual functions or arrays of functions.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * function doubled(n) {
       *   return n * 2;
       * }
       *
       * function square(n) {
       *   return n * n;
       * }
       *
       * var modded = _.modArgs(function(x, y) {
       *   return [x, y];
       * }, square, doubled);
       *
       * modded(1, 2);
       * // => [1, 4]
       *
       * modded(5, 10);
       * // => [25, 20]
       */
      var modArgs = restParam(function(func, transforms) {
        transforms = baseFlatten(transforms);
        if (typeof func != 'function' || !arrayEvery(transforms, baseIsFunction)) {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        var length = transforms.length;
        return restParam(function(args) {
          var index = nativeMin(args.length, length);
          while (index--) {
            args[index] = transforms[index](args[index]);
          }
          return func.apply(this, args);
        });
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
       * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
       * created function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * function isEven(n) {
       *   return n % 2 == 0;
       * }
       *
       * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
       * // => [1, 3, 5]
       */
      function negate(predicate) {
        if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        return function() {
          return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
       * to the function return the value of the first call. The `func` is invoked
       * with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
       * @example
       *
       * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
       * initialize();
       * initialize();
       * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
       */
      function once(func) {
        return before(2, func);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with `partial` arguments prepended
       * to those provided to the new function. This method is like `_.bind` except
       * it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
       *
       * The `_.partial.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
       * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of partially
       * applied functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
       * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
       * @example
       *
       * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
       *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
       * };
       *
       * var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
       * sayHelloTo('fred');
       * // => 'hello fred'
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
       * greetFred('hi');
       * // => 'hi fred'
       */
      var partial = createPartial(PARTIAL_FLAG);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.partial` except that partially applied arguments
       * are appended to those provided to the new function.
       *
       * The `_.partialRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
       * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
       *
       * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of partially
       * applied functions.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
       * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
       * @example
       *
       * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
       *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
       * };
       *
       * var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
       * greetFred('hi');
       * // => 'hi fred'
       *
       * // using placeholders
       * var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
       * sayHelloTo('fred');
       * // => 'hello fred'
       */
      var partialRight = createPartial(PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments arranged according
       * to the specified indexes where the argument value at the first index is
       * provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is
       * provided as the second argument, and so on.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to rearrange arguments for.
       * @param {...(number|number[])} indexes The arranged argument indexes,
       *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
       *   return [a, b, c];
       * }, 2, 0, 1);
       *
       * rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
       * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
       *
       * var map = _.rearg(_.map, [1, 0]);
       * map(function(n) {
       *   return n * 3;
       * }, [1, 2, 3]);
       * // => [3, 6, 9]
       */
      var rearg = restParam(function(func, indexes) {
        return createWrapper(func, REARG_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, baseFlatten(indexes));
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
       * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as an array.
       *
       * **Note:** This method is based on the [rest parameter](https://developer.mozilla.org/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
       * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var say = _.restParam(function(what, names) {
       *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
       *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
       * });
       *
       * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
       * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
       */
      function restParam(func, start) {
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : (+start || 0), 0);
        return function() {
          var args = arguments,
              index = -1,
              length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
              rest = Array(length);
  
          while (++index < length) {
            rest[index] = args[start + index];
          }
          switch (start) {
            case 0: return func.call(this, rest);
            case 1: return func.call(this, args[0], rest);
            case 2: return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], rest);
          }
          var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
          index = -1;
          while (++index < start) {
            otherArgs[index] = args[index];
          }
          otherArgs[start] = rest;
          return func.apply(this, otherArgs);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the created
       * function and an array of arguments much like [`Function#apply`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.3).
       *
       * **Note:** This method is based on the [spread operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to spread arguments over.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
       *   return who + ' says ' + what;
       * });
       *
       * say(['fred', 'hello']);
       * // => 'fred says hello'
       *
       * // with a Promise
       * var numbers = Promise.all([
       *   Promise.resolve(40),
       *   Promise.resolve(36)
       * ]);
       *
       * numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
       *   return x + y;
       * }));
       * // => a Promise of 76
       */
      function spread(func) {
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        return function(array) {
          return func.apply(this, array);
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
       * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
       * method to cancel delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate
       * that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the
       * `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
       * result of the last `func` call.
       *
       * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
       * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
       * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
       *
       * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
       * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
       * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
       * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
       * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify invoking on the leading
       *  edge of the timeout.
       * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
       *  edge of the timeout.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
       * @example
       *
       * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
       * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
       *
       * // invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
       * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
       *   'trailing': false
       * }));
       *
       * // cancel a trailing throttled call
       * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
       */
      function throttle(func, wait, options) {
        var leading = true,
            trailing = true;
  
        if (typeof func != 'function') {
          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
        }
        if (options === false) {
          leading = false;
        } else if (isObject(options)) {
          leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
          trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
        }
        return debounce(func, wait, { 'leading': leading, 'maxWait': +wait, 'trailing': trailing });
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
       * first argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are
       * appended to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is invoked
       * with the `this` binding of the created function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Function
       * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
       * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
       *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
       * });
       *
       * p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
       * // => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'
       */
      function wrap(value, wrapper) {
        wrapper = wrapper == null ? identity : wrapper;
        return createWrapper(wrapper, PARTIAL_FLAG, undefined, [value], []);
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects are cloned,
       * otherwise they are assigned by reference. If `customizer` is provided it's
       * invoked to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
       * cloning is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to
       * `thisArg` and invoked with up to three argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
       *
       * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
       * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
       * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
       * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
       * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
       * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to clone.
       * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney' },
       *   { 'user': 'fred' }
       * ];
       *
       * var shallow = _.clone(users);
       * shallow[0] === users[0];
       * // => true
       *
       * var deep = _.clone(users, true);
       * deep[0] === users[0];
       * // => false
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var el = _.clone(document.body, function(value) {
       *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
       *     return value.cloneNode(false);
       *   }
       * });
       *
       * el === document.body
       * // => false
       * el.nodeName
       * // => BODY
       * el.childNodes.length;
       * // => 0
       */
      function clone(value, isDeep, customizer, thisArg) {
        if (isDeep && typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isIterateeCall(value, isDeep, customizer)) {
          isDeep = false;
        }
        else if (typeof isDeep == 'function') {
          thisArg = customizer;
          customizer = isDeep;
          isDeep = false;
        }
        return typeof customizer == 'function'
          ? baseClone(value, isDeep, bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3))
          : baseClone(value, isDeep);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If `customizer` is provided it's invoked
       * to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined` cloning
       * is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg`
       * and invoked with up to three argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
       *
       * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
       * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
       * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
       * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
       * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
       * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney' },
       *   { 'user': 'fred' }
       * ];
       *
       * var deep = _.cloneDeep(users);
       * deep[0] === users[0];
       * // => false
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var el = _.cloneDeep(document.body, function(value) {
       *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
       *     return value.cloneNode(true);
       *   }
       * });
       *
       * el === document.body
       * // => false
       * el.nodeName
       * // => BODY
       * el.childNodes.length;
       * // => 20
       */
      function cloneDeep(value, customizer, thisArg) {
        return typeof customizer == 'function'
          ? baseClone(value, true, bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3))
          : baseClone(value, true);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is greater than `other`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.gt(3, 1);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.gt(3, 3);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.gt(1, 3);
       * // => false
       */
      function gt(value, other) {
        return value > other;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.gte(3, 1);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.gte(3, 3);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.gte(1, 3);
       * // => false
       */
      function gte(value, other) {
        return value >= other;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as an `arguments` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => false
       */
      function isArguments(value) {
        return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value) &&
          hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') && !propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee');
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isArray(function() { return arguments; }());
       * // => false
       */
      var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
        return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && objToString.call(value) == arrayTag;
      };
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isBoolean(false);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isBoolean(null);
       * // => false
       */
      function isBoolean(value) {
        return value === true || value === false || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == boolTag);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isDate(new Date);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
       * // => false
       */
      function isDate(value) {
        return isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == dateTag;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isElement(document.body);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isElement('<body>');
       * // => false
       */
      function isElement(value) {
        return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) && !isPlainObject(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is empty. A value is considered empty unless it's an
       * `arguments` object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length
       * greater than `0` or an object with own enumerable properties.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isEmpty(null);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isEmpty(true);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isEmpty(1);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
       * // => false
       */
      function isEmpty(value) {
        if (value == null) {
          return true;
        }
        if (isArrayLike(value) && (isArray(value) || isString(value) || isArguments(value) ||
            (isObjectLike(value) && isFunction(value.splice)))) {
          return !value.length;
        }
        return !keys(value).length;
      }
  
      /**
       * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
       * equivalent. If `customizer` is provided it's invoked to compare values.
       * If `customizer` returns `undefined` comparisons are handled by the method
       * instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with up to
       * three arguments: (value, other [, index|key]).
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
       * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
       * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes
       * are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend support
       * for comparing other values.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias eq
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize value comparisons.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
       *
       * object == other;
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isEqual(object, other);
       * // => true
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
       * var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
       *
       * _.isEqual(array, other, function(value, other) {
       *   if (_.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/)) {
       *     return true;
       *   }
       * });
       * // => true
       */
      function isEqual(value, other, customizer, thisArg) {
        customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3) : undefined;
        var result = customizer ? customizer(value, other) : undefined;
        return  result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer) : !!result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
       * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isError(new Error);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isError(Error);
       * // => false
       */
      function isError(value) {
        return isObjectLike(value) && typeof value.message == 'string' && objToString.call(value) == errorTag;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
       *
       * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isFinite`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.isfinite).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isFinite(10);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isFinite('10');
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isFinite(true);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isFinite(Object(10));
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isFinite(Infinity);
       * // => false
       */
      function isFinite(value) {
        return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isFunction(_);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isFunction(/abc/);
       * // => false
       */
      function isFunction(value) {
        // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
        // in older versions of Chrome and Safari which return 'function' for regexes
        // and Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array constructors.
        return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == funcTag;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is the [language type](https://es5.github.io/#x8) of `Object`.
       * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isObject({});
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isObject(1);
       * // => false
       */
      function isObject(value) {
        // Avoid a V8 JIT bug in Chrome 19-20.
        // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291 for more details.
        var type = typeof value;
        return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
      }
  
      /**
       * Performs a deep comparison between `object` and `source` to determine if
       * `object` contains equivalent property values. If `customizer` is provided
       * it's invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
       * comparisons are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound
       * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, other, index|key).
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing properties of arrays, booleans,
       * `Date` objects, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Functions
       * and DOM nodes are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend
       * support for comparing other values.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
       * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize value comparisons.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
       *
       * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 40 });
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 36 });
       * // => false
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
       * var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };
       *
       * _.isMatch(object, source, function(value, other) {
       *   return _.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/) || undefined;
       * });
       * // => true
       */
      function isMatch(object, source, customizer, thisArg) {
        customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3) : undefined;
        return baseIsMatch(object, getMatchData(source), customizer);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method is not the same as [`isNaN`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4)
       * which returns `true` for `undefined` and other non-numeric values.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isNaN(NaN);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
       * // => true
       *
       * isNaN(undefined);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNaN(undefined);
       * // => false
       */
      function isNaN(value) {
        // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
        // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE.
        return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a native function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNative(_);
       * // => false
       */
      function isNative(value) {
        if (value == null) {
          return false;
        }
        if (isFunction(value)) {
          return reIsNative.test(fnToString.call(value));
        }
        return isObjectLike(value) && reIsHostCtor.test(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is `null`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isNull(null);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNull(void 0);
       * // => false
       */
      function isNull(value) {
        return value === null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
       *
       * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
       * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isNumber(8.4);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNumber(NaN);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isNumber('8.4');
       * // => false
       */
      function isNumber(value) {
        return typeof value == 'number' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == numberTag);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
       * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method assumes objects created by the `Object` constructor
       * have no inherited enumerable properties.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       * }
       *
       * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
       * // => true
       */
      function isPlainObject(value) {
        var Ctor;
  
        // Exit early for non `Object` objects.
        if (!(isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == objectTag && !isArguments(value)) ||
            (!hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'constructor') && (Ctor = value.constructor, typeof Ctor == 'function' && !(Ctor instanceof Ctor)))) {
          return false;
        }
        // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
        // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
        // enumerable properties.
        var result;
        // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
        // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
        // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
        baseForIn(value, function(subValue, key) {
          result = key;
        });
        return result === undefined || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
       * // => false
       */
      function isRegExp(value) {
        return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == regexpTag;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isString('abc');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isString(1);
       * // => false
       */
      function isString(value) {
        return typeof value == 'string' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == stringTag);
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isTypedArray([]);
       * // => false
       */
      function isTypedArray(value) {
        return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objToString.call(value)];
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.isUndefined(void 0);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.isUndefined(null);
       * // => false
       */
      function isUndefined(value) {
        return value === undefined;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is less than `other`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.lt(1, 3);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.lt(3, 3);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.lt(3, 1);
       * // => false
       */
      function lt(value, other) {
        return value < other;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `value` is less than or equal to `other`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to compare.
       * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.lte(1, 3);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.lte(3, 3);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.lte(3, 1);
       * // => false
       */
      function lte(value, other) {
        return value <= other;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `value` to an array.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to convert.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
       * @example
       *
       * (function() {
       *   return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
       * }(1, 2, 3));
       * // => [2, 3]
       */
      function toArray(value) {
        var length = value ? getLength(value) : 0;
        if (!isLength(length)) {
          return values(value);
        }
        if (!length) {
          return [];
        }
        return arrayCopy(value);
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable
       * properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Lang
       * @param {*} value The value to convert.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
       * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
       *
       * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
       * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
       */
      function toPlainObject(value) {
        return baseCopy(value, keysIn(value));
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
       * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
       * overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If `customizer` is
       * provided it's invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and
       * source properties. If `customizer` returns `undefined` merging is handled
       * by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
       * with five arguments: (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = {
       *   'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
       * };
       *
       * var ages = {
       *   'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
       * };
       *
       * _.merge(users, ages);
       * // => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var object = {
       *   'fruits': ['apple'],
       *   'vegetables': ['beet']
       * };
       *
       * var other = {
       *   'fruits': ['banana'],
       *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
       * };
       *
       * _.merge(object, other, function(a, b) {
       *   if (_.isArray(a)) {
       *     return a.concat(b);
       *   }
       * });
       * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot'] }
       */
      var merge = createAssigner(baseMerge);
  
      /**
       * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
       * object. Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
       * If `customizer` is provided it's invoked to produce the assigned values.
       * The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with five arguments:
       * (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
       *
       * **Note:** This method mutates `object` and is based on
       * [`Object.assign`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.assign).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias extend
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
       * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.assign({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 40 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
       * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
       *
       * // using a customizer callback
       * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(value, other) {
       *   return _.isUndefined(value) ? other : value;
       * });
       *
       * defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
       * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       */
      var assign = createAssigner(function(object, source, customizer) {
        return customizer
          ? assignWith(object, source, customizer)
          : baseAssign(object, source);
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a
       * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned
       * to the created object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
       * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       * @example
       *
       * function Shape() {
       *   this.x = 0;
       *   this.y = 0;
       * }
       *
       * function Circle() {
       *   Shape.call(this);
       * }
       *
       * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
       *   'constructor': Circle
       * });
       *
       * var circle = new Circle;
       * circle instanceof Circle;
       * // => true
       *
       * circle instanceof Shape;
       * // => true
       */
      function create(prototype, properties, guard) {
        var result = baseCreate(prototype);
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(prototype, properties, guard)) {
          properties = undefined;
        }
        return properties ? baseAssign(result, properties) : result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
       * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
       * property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.
       *
       * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
       * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       */
      var defaults = createDefaults(assign, assignDefaults);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.defaults` except that it recursively assigns
       * default properties.
       *
       * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The destination object.
       * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.defaultsDeep({ 'user': { 'name': 'barney' } }, { 'user': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 36 } });
       * // => { 'user': { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 } }
       *
       */
      var defaultsDeep = createDefaults(merge, mergeDefaults);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the key of the first
       * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = {
       *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
       *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
       * };
       *
       * _.findKey(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.age < 40;
       * });
       * // => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
       * // => 'pebbles'
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.findKey(users, 'active', false);
       * // => 'fred'
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.findKey(users, 'active');
       * // => 'barney'
       */
      var findKey = createFindKey(baseForOwn);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements of
       * a collection in the opposite order.
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to search.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = {
       *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
       *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
       * };
       *
       * _.findLastKey(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.age < 40;
       * });
       * // => returns `pebbles` assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`
       *
       * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
       * // => 'barney'
       *
       * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastKey(users, 'active', false);
       * // => 'fred'
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.findLastKey(users, 'active');
       * // => 'pebbles'
       */
      var findLastKey = createFindKey(baseForOwnRight);
  
      /**
       * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object invoking
       * `iteratee` for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
       * with three arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit
       * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
       *   console.log(key);
       * });
       * // => logs 'a', 'b', and 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      var forIn = createForIn(baseFor);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over properties of
       * `object` in the opposite order.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
       *   console.log(key);
       * });
       * // => logs 'c', 'b', and 'a' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'a', 'b', and 'c'
       */
      var forInRight = createForIn(baseForRight);
  
      /**
       * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object invoking `iteratee`
       * for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
       * three arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration
       * early by explicitly returning `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
       *   console.log(key);
       * });
       * // => logs 'a' and 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      var forOwn = createForOwn(baseForOwn);
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over properties of
       * `object` in the opposite order.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
       *   console.log(key);
       * });
       * // => logs 'b' and 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' and 'b'
       */
      var forOwnRight = createForOwn(baseForOwnRight);
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of function property names from all enumerable properties,
       * own and inherited, of `object`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias methods
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
       * @example
       *
       * _.functions(_);
       * // => ['after', 'ary', 'assign', ...]
       */
      function functions(object) {
        return baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
      }
  
      /**
       * Gets the property value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is
       * `undefined` the `defaultValue` is used in its place.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
       * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
       *
       * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
       * // => 3
       *
       * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
       * // => 3
       *
       * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
       * // => 'default'
       */
      function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
        var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, toPath(path), (path + ''));
        return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `path` is a direct property.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` is a direct property, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 3 } } };
       *
       * _.has(object, 'a');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.has(object, 'a.b.c');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.has(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
       * // => true
       */
      function has(object, path) {
        if (object == null) {
          return false;
        }
        var result = hasOwnProperty.call(object, path);
        if (!result && !isKey(path)) {
          path = toPath(path);
          object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
          if (object == null) {
            return false;
          }
          path = last(path);
          result = hasOwnProperty.call(object, path);
        }
        return result || (isLength(object.length) && isIndex(path, object.length) &&
          (isArray(object) || isArguments(object)));
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of `object`.
       * If `object` contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite property
       * assignments of previous values unless `multiValue` is `true`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
       * @param {boolean} [multiValue] Allow multiple values per key.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
       *
       * _.invert(object);
       * // => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }
       *
       * // with `multiValue`
       * _.invert(object, true);
       * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
       */
      function invert(object, multiValue, guard) {
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(object, multiValue, guard)) {
          multiValue = undefined;
        }
        var index = -1,
            props = keys(object),
            length = props.length,
            result = {};
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index],
              value = object[key];
  
          if (multiValue) {
            if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, value)) {
              result[value].push(key);
            } else {
              result[value] = [key];
            }
          }
          else {
            result[value] = key;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
       *
       * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
       * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
       * for more details.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.keys(new Foo);
       * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       *
       * _.keys('hi');
       * // => ['0', '1']
       */
      var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
        var Ctor = object == null ? undefined : object.constructor;
        if ((typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object) ||
            (typeof object != 'function' && isArrayLike(object))) {
          return shimKeys(object);
        }
        return isObject(object) ? nativeKeys(object) : [];
      };
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
       *
       * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.keysIn(new Foo);
       * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      function keysIn(object) {
        if (object == null) {
          return [];
        }
        if (!isObject(object)) {
          object = Object(object);
        }
        var length = object.length;
        length = (length && isLength(length) &&
          (isArray(object) || isArguments(object)) && length) || 0;
  
        var Ctor = object.constructor,
            index = -1,
            isProto = typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object,
            result = Array(length),
            skipIndexes = length > 0;
  
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = (index + '');
        }
        for (var key in object) {
          if (!(skipIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) &&
              !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
            result.push(key);
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.mapValues`; this method creates an object with the
       * same values as `object` and keys generated by running each own enumerable
       * property of `object` through `iteratee`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
       * @example
       *
       * _.mapKeys({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
       *   return key + value;
       * });
       * // => { 'a1': 1, 'b2': 2 }
       */
      var mapKeys = createObjectMapper(true);
  
      /**
       * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
       * running each own enumerable property of `object` through `iteratee`. The
       * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
       * (value, key, object).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
       *  per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
       * @example
       *
       * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n) {
       *   return n * 3;
       * });
       * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
       *
       * var users = {
       *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
       *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
       * };
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.mapValues(users, 'age');
       * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      var mapValues = createObjectMapper();
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
       * own and inherited enumerable properties of `object` that are not omitted.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The source object.
       * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
       *  iteration or property names to omit, specified as individual property
       *  names or arrays of property names.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
       *
       * _.omit(object, 'age');
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       *
       * _.omit(object, _.isNumber);
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       */
      var omit = restParam(function(object, props) {
        if (object == null) {
          return {};
        }
        if (typeof props[0] != 'function') {
          var props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props), String);
          return pickByArray(object, baseDifference(keysIn(object), props));
        }
        var predicate = bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3);
        return pickByCallback(object, function(value, key, object) {
          return !predicate(value, key, object);
        });
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a two dimensional array of the key-value pairs for `object`,
       * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
       * @example
       *
       * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });
       * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      function pairs(object) {
        object = toObject(object);
  
        var index = -1,
            props = keys(object),
            length = props.length,
            result = Array(length);
  
        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          result[index] = [key, object[key]];
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties. Property
       * names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
       * names. If `predicate` is provided it's invoked for each property of `object`
       * picking the properties `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is
       * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, key, object).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The source object.
       * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
       *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
       *  names or arrays of property names.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
       * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
       *
       * _.pick(object, 'user');
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       *
       * _.pick(object, _.isString);
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       */
      var pick = restParam(function(object, props) {
        if (object == null) {
          return {};
        }
        return typeof props[0] == 'function'
          ? pickByCallback(object, bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3))
          : pickByArray(object, baseFlatten(props));
      });
  
      /**
       * This method is like `_.get` except that if the resolved value is a function
       * it's invoked with the `this` binding of its parent object and its result
       * is returned.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to resolve.
       * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };
       *
       * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
       * // => 3
       *
       * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
       * // => 4
       *
       * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
       * // => 'default'
       *
       * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', _.constant('default'));
       * // => 'default'
       */
      function result(object, path, defaultValue) {
        var result = object == null ? undefined : object[path];
        if (result === undefined) {
          if (object != null && !isKey(path, object)) {
            path = toPath(path);
            object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
            result = object == null ? undefined : object[last(path)];
          }
          result = result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
        }
        return isFunction(result) ? result.call(object) : result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Sets the property value of `path` on `object`. If a portion of `path`
       * does not exist it's created.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to augment.
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
       * @param {*} value The value to set.
       * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
       *
       * _.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4);
       * console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
       * // => 4
       *
       * _.set(object, 'x[0].y.z', 5);
       * console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
       * // => 5
       */
      function set(object, path, value) {
        if (object == null) {
          return object;
        }
        var pathKey = (path + '');
        path = (object[pathKey] != null || isKey(path, object)) ? [pathKey] : toPath(path);
  
        var index = -1,
            length = path.length,
            lastIndex = length - 1,
            nested = object;
  
        while (nested != null && ++index < length) {
          var key = path[index];
          if (isObject(nested)) {
            if (index == lastIndex) {
              nested[key] = value;
            } else if (nested[key] == null) {
              nested[key] = isIndex(path[index + 1]) ? [] : {};
            }
          }
          nested = nested[key];
        }
        return object;
      }
  
      /**
       * An alternative to `_.reduce`; this method transforms `object` to a new
       * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own enumerable
       * properties through `iteratee`, with each invocation potentially mutating
       * the `accumulator` object. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
       * with four arguments: (accumulator, value, key, object). Iteratee functions
       * may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
       * @example
       *
       * _.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
       *   result.push(n *= n);
       *   return n % 2 == 0;
       * });
       * // => [4, 9]
       *
       * _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
       *   result[key] = n * 3;
       * });
       * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
       */
      function transform(object, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
        var isArr = isArray(object) || isTypedArray(object);
        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4);
  
        if (accumulator == null) {
          if (isArr || isObject(object)) {
            var Ctor = object.constructor;
            if (isArr) {
              accumulator = isArray(object) ? new Ctor : [];
            } else {
              accumulator = baseCreate(isFunction(Ctor) ? Ctor.prototype : undefined);
            }
          } else {
            accumulator = {};
          }
        }
        (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
          return iteratee(accumulator, value, index, object);
        });
        return accumulator;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
       *
       * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.values(new Foo);
       * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       *
       * _.values('hi');
       * // => ['h', 'i']
       */
      function values(object) {
        return baseValues(object, keys(object));
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property values
       * of `object`.
       *
       * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Object
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
       * @example
       *
       * function Foo() {
       *   this.a = 1;
       *   this.b = 2;
       * }
       *
       * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
       *
       * _.valuesIn(new Foo);
       * // => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
       */
      function valuesIn(object) {
        return baseValues(object, keysIn(object));
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Checks if `n` is between `start` and up to but not including, `end`. If
       * `end` is not specified it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Number
       * @param {number} n The number to check.
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
       * @param {number} end The end of the range.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `n` is in the range, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.inRange(4, 8);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.inRange(4, 2);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.inRange(2, 2);
       * // => false
       *
       * _.inRange(1.2, 2);
       * // => true
       *
       * _.inRange(5.2, 4);
       * // => false
       */
      function inRange(value, start, end) {
        start = +start || 0;
        if (end === undefined) {
          end = start;
          start = 0;
        } else {
          end = +end || 0;
        }
        return value >= nativeMin(start, end) && value < nativeMax(start, end);
      }
  
      /**
       * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
       * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number is returned.
       * If `floating` is `true`, or either `min` or `max` are floats, a floating-point
       * number is returned instead of an integer.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Number
       * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
       * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
       * @param {boolean} [floating] Specify returning a floating-point number.
       * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
       * @example
       *
       * _.random(0, 5);
       * // => an integer between 0 and 5
       *
       * _.random(5);
       * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
       *
       * _.random(5, true);
       * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
       *
       * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
       * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
       */
      function random(min, max, floating) {
        if (floating && isIterateeCall(min, max, floating)) {
          max = floating = undefined;
        }
        var noMin = min == null,
            noMax = max == null;
  
        if (floating == null) {
          if (noMax && typeof min == 'boolean') {
            floating = min;
            min = 1;
          }
          else if (typeof max == 'boolean') {
            floating = max;
            noMax = true;
          }
        }
        if (noMin && noMax) {
          max = 1;
          noMax = false;
        }
        min = +min || 0;
        if (noMax) {
          max = min;
          min = 0;
        } else {
          max = +max || 0;
        }
        if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
          var rand = nativeRandom();
          return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand + '').length - 1)))), max);
        }
        return baseRandom(min, max);
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Converts `string` to [camel case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
       * @returns {string} Returns the camel cased string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.camelCase('Foo Bar');
       * // => 'fooBar'
       *
       * _.camelCase('--foo-bar');
       * // => 'fooBar'
       *
       * _.camelCase('__foo_bar__');
       * // => 'fooBar'
       */
      var camelCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
        word = word.toLowerCase();
        return result + (index ? (word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1)) : word);
      });
  
      /**
       * Capitalizes the first character of `string`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to capitalize.
       * @returns {string} Returns the capitalized string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.capitalize('fred');
       * // => 'Fred'
       */
      function capitalize(string) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        return string && (string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1));
      }
  
      /**
       * Deburrs `string` by converting [latin-1 supplementary letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)#Character_table)
       * to basic latin letters and removing [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to deburr.
       * @returns {string} Returns the deburred string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.deburr('déjà vu');
       * // => 'deja vu'
       */
      function deburr(string) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        return string && string.replace(reLatin1, deburrLetter).replace(reComboMark, '');
      }
  
      /**
       * Checks if `string` ends with the given target string.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
       * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
       * @param {number} [position=string.length] The position to search from.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` ends with `target`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.endsWith('abc', 'c');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.endsWith('abc', 'b');
       * // => false
       *
       * _.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
       * // => true
       */
      function endsWith(string, target, position) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        target = (target + '');
  
        var length = string.length;
        position = position === undefined
          ? length
          : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : (+position || 0), length);
  
        position -= target.length;
        return position >= 0 && string.indexOf(target, position) == position;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`", in `string` to
       * their corresponding HTML entities.
       *
       * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters
       * use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
       *
       * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
       * ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
       * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value.
       * See [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
       * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
       *
       * Backticks are escaped because in Internet Explorer < 9, they can break out
       * of attribute values or HTML comments. See [#59](https://html5sec.org/#59),
       * [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102), [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and
       * [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of the [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/)
       * for more details.
       *
       * When working with HTML you should always [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping)
       * to reduce XSS vectors.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
       * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
       * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
       */
      function escape(string) {
        // Reset `lastIndex` because in IE < 9 `String#replace` does not.
        string = baseToString(string);
        return (string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string))
          ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar)
          : string;
      }
  
      /**
       * Escapes the `RegExp` special characters "\", "/", "^", "$", ".", "|", "?",
       * "*", "+", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{" and "}" in `string`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
       * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
       * // => '\[lodash\]\(https:\/\/lodash\.com\/\)'
       */
      function escapeRegExp(string) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        return (string && reHasRegExpChars.test(string))
          ? string.replace(reRegExpChars, escapeRegExpChar)
          : (string || '(?:)');
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `string` to [kebab case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Special_case_styles).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
       * @returns {string} Returns the kebab cased string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
       * // => 'foo-bar'
       *
       * _.kebabCase('fooBar');
       * // => 'foo-bar'
       *
       * _.kebabCase('__foo_bar__');
       * // => 'foo-bar'
       */
      var kebabCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
        return result + (index ? '-' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
      });
  
      /**
       * Pads `string` on the left and right sides if it's shorter than `length`.
       * Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by `length`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
       * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
       * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
       * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.pad('abc', 8);
       * // => '  abc   '
       *
       * _.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
       * // => '_-abc_-_'
       *
       * _.pad('abc', 3);
       * // => 'abc'
       */
      function pad(string, length, chars) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        length = +length;
  
        var strLength = string.length;
        if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
          return string;
        }
        var mid = (length - strLength) / 2,
            leftLength = nativeFloor(mid),
            rightLength = nativeCeil(mid);
  
        chars = createPadding('', rightLength, chars);
        return chars.slice(0, leftLength) + string + chars;
      }
  
      /**
       * Pads `string` on the left side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
       * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
       * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
       * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
       * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.padLeft('abc', 6);
       * // => '   abc'
       *
       * _.padLeft('abc', 6, '_-');
       * // => '_-_abc'
       *
       * _.padLeft('abc', 3);
       * // => 'abc'
       */
      var padLeft = createPadDir();
  
      /**
       * Pads `string` on the right side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
       * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
       * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
       * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
       * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.padRight('abc', 6);
       * // => 'abc   '
       *
       * _.padRight('abc', 6, '_-');
       * // => 'abc_-_'
       *
       * _.padRight('abc', 3);
       * // => 'abc'
       */
      var padRight = createPadDir(true);
  
      /**
       * Converts `string` to an integer of the specified radix. If `radix` is
       * `undefined` or `0`, a `radix` of `10` is used unless `value` is a hexadecimal,
       * in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
       *
       * **Note:** This method aligns with the [ES5 implementation](https://es5.github.io/#E)
       * of `parseInt`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} string The string to convert.
       * @param {number} [radix] The radix to interpret `value` by.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
       * @example
       *
       * _.parseInt('08');
       * // => 8
       *
       * _.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
       * // => [6, 8, 10]
       */
      function parseInt(string, radix, guard) {
        // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow ES3 for `parseInt`.
        // Chrome fails to trim leading <BOM> whitespace characters.
        // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3109 for more details.
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(string, radix, guard) : radix == null) {
          radix = 0;
        } else if (radix) {
          radix = +radix;
        }
        string = trim(string);
        return nativeParseInt(string, radix || (reHasHexPrefix.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
      }
  
      /**
       * Repeats the given string `n` times.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to repeat.
       * @param {number} [n=0] The number of times to repeat the string.
       * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.repeat('*', 3);
       * // => '***'
       *
       * _.repeat('abc', 2);
       * // => 'abcabc'
       *
       * _.repeat('abc', 0);
       * // => ''
       */
      function repeat(string, n) {
        var result = '';
        string = baseToString(string);
        n = +n;
        if (n < 1 || !string || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
          return result;
        }
        // Leverage the exponentiation by squaring algorithm for a faster repeat.
        // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring for more details.
        do {
          if (n % 2) {
            result += string;
          }
          n = nativeFloor(n / 2);
          string += string;
        } while (n);
  
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Converts `string` to [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
       * @returns {string} Returns the snake cased string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
       * // => 'foo_bar'
       *
       * _.snakeCase('fooBar');
       * // => 'foo_bar'
       *
       * _.snakeCase('--foo-bar');
       * // => 'foo_bar'
       */
      var snakeCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
        return result + (index ? '_' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
      });
  
      /**
       * Converts `string` to [start case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
       * @returns {string} Returns the start cased string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.startCase('--foo-bar');
       * // => 'Foo Bar'
       *
       * _.startCase('fooBar');
       * // => 'Foo Bar'
       *
       * _.startCase('__foo_bar__');
       * // => 'Foo Bar'
       */
      var startCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
        return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + (word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1));
      });
  
      /**
       * Checks if `string` starts with the given target string.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
       * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
       * @param {number} [position=0] The position to search from.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` starts with `target`, else `false`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.startsWith('abc', 'a');
       * // => true
       *
       * _.startsWith('abc', 'b');
       * // => false
       *
       * _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
       * // => true
       */
      function startsWith(string, target, position) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        position = position == null
          ? 0
          : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : (+position || 0), string.length);
  
        return string.lastIndexOf(target, position) == position;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties
       * in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in
       * "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data
       * properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting
       * object is provided it takes precedence over `_.templateSettings` values.
       *
       * **Note:** In the development build `_.template` utilizes
       * [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
       * for easier debugging.
       *
       * For more information on precompiling templates see
       * [lodash's custom builds documentation](https://lodash.com/custom-builds).
       *
       * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see
       * [Chrome's extensions documentation](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The template string.
       * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
       * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The HTML "escape" delimiter.
       * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
       * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as free variables.
       * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
       * @param {string} [options.sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
       * @param {string} [options.variable] The data object variable name.
       * @param- {Object} [otherOptions] Enables the legacy `options` param signature.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled template function.
       * @example
       *
       * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
       * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
       * compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
       * // => 'hello fred!'
       *
       * // using the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values
       * var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
       * compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
       * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
       *
       * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML
       * var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
       * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
       * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
       *
       * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
       * var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
       * compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
       * // => 'hello barney!'
       *
       * // using the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
       * var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
       * compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
       * // => 'hello pebbles!'
       *
       * // using custom template delimiters
       * _.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
       * var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
       * compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
       * // => 'hello mustache!'
       *
       * // using backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text
       * var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
       * compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
       * // => '<%- value %>'
       *
       * // using the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`
       * var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
       * var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
       * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
       * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
       *
       * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
       * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
       * compiled(data);
       * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
       *
       * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
       * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
       * compiled.source;
       * // => function(data) {
       * //   var __t, __p = '';
       * //   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
       * //   return __p;
       * // }
       *
       * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
       * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
       * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
       *   var JST = {\
       *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
       *   };\
       * ');
       */
      function template(string, options, otherOptions) {
        // Based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation (http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/)
        // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js (https://github.com/olado/doT).
        var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
  
        if (otherOptions && isIterateeCall(string, options, otherOptions)) {
          options = otherOptions = undefined;
        }
        string = baseToString(string);
        options = assignWith(baseAssign({}, otherOptions || options), settings, assignOwnDefaults);
  
        var imports = assignWith(baseAssign({}, options.imports), settings.imports, assignOwnDefaults),
            importsKeys = keys(imports),
            importsValues = baseValues(imports, importsKeys);
  
        var isEscaping,
            isEvaluating,
            index = 0,
            interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
            source = "__p += '";
  
        // Compile the regexp to match each delimiter.
        var reDelimiters = RegExp(
          (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
          interpolate.source + '|' +
          (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
          (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
        , 'g');
  
        // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
        var sourceURL = '//# sourceURL=' +
          ('sourceURL' in options
            ? options.sourceURL
            : ('lodash.templateSources[' + (++templateCounter) + ']')
          ) + '\n';
  
        string.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
          interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);
  
          // Escape characters that can't be included in string literals.
          source += string.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);
  
          // Replace delimiters with snippets.
          if (escapeValue) {
            isEscaping = true;
            source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
          }
          if (evaluateValue) {
            isEvaluating = true;
            source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
          }
          if (interpolateValue) {
            source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
          }
          index = offset + match.length;
  
          // The JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
          // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value.
          return match;
        });
  
        source += "';\n";
  
        // If `variable` is not specified wrap a with-statement around the generated
        // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain.
        var variable = options.variable;
        if (!variable) {
          source = 'with (obj) {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
        }
        // Cleanup code by stripping empty strings.
        source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
          .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
          .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');
  
        // Frame code as the function body.
        source = 'function(' + (variable || 'obj') + ') {\n' +
          (variable
            ? ''
            : 'obj || (obj = {});\n'
          ) +
          "var __t, __p = ''" +
          (isEscaping
             ? ', __e = _.escape'
             : ''
          ) +
          (isEvaluating
            ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
              "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
            : ';\n'
          ) +
          source +
          'return __p\n}';
  
        var result = attempt(function() {
          return Function(importsKeys, sourceURL + 'return ' + source).apply(undefined, importsValues);
        });
  
        // Provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method or
        // the `source` property as a convenience for inlining compiled templates.
        result.source = source;
        if (isError(result)) {
          throw result;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
       * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.trim('  abc  ');
       * // => 'abc'
       *
       * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
       * // => 'abc'
       *
       * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
       * // => ['foo', 'bar']
       */
      function trim(string, chars, guard) {
        var value = string;
        string = baseToString(string);
        if (!string) {
          return string;
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
          return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string), trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
        }
        chars = (chars + '');
        return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, chars), charsRightIndex(string, chars) + 1);
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
       * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.trimLeft('  abc  ');
       * // => 'abc  '
       *
       * _.trimLeft('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
       * // => 'abc-_-'
       */
      function trimLeft(string, chars, guard) {
        var value = string;
        string = baseToString(string);
        if (!string) {
          return string;
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
          return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string));
        }
        return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, (chars + '')));
      }
  
      /**
       * Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
       * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.trimRight('  abc  ');
       * // => '  abc'
       *
       * _.trimRight('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
       * // => '-_-abc'
       */
      function trimRight(string, chars, guard) {
        var value = string;
        string = baseToString(string);
        if (!string) {
          return string;
        }
        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
          return string.slice(0, trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
        }
        return string.slice(0, charsRightIndex(string, (chars + '')) + 1);
      }
  
      /**
       * Truncates `string` if it's longer than the given maximum string length.
       * The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission
       * string which defaults to "...".
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to truncate.
       * @param {Object|number} [options] The options object or maximum string length.
       * @param {number} [options.length=30] The maximum string length.
       * @param {string} [options.omission='...'] The string to indicate text is omitted.
       * @param {RegExp|string} [options.separator] The separator pattern to truncate to.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {string} Returns the truncated string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
       * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'
       *
       * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', 24);
       * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, n...'
       *
       * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
       *   'length': 24,
       *   'separator': ' '
       * });
       * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'
       *
       * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
       *   'length': 24,
       *   'separator': /,? +/
       * });
       * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'
       *
       * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
       *   'omission': ' [...]'
       * });
       * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'
       */
      function trunc(string, options, guard) {
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, options, guard)) {
          options = undefined;
        }
        var length = DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH,
            omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;
  
        if (options != null) {
          if (isObject(options)) {
            var separator = 'separator' in options ? options.separator : separator;
            length = 'length' in options ? (+options.length || 0) : length;
            omission = 'omission' in options ? baseToString(options.omission) : omission;
          } else {
            length = +options || 0;
          }
        }
        string = baseToString(string);
        if (length >= string.length) {
          return string;
        }
        var end = length - omission.length;
        if (end < 1) {
          return omission;
        }
        var result = string.slice(0, end);
        if (separator == null) {
          return result + omission;
        }
        if (isRegExp(separator)) {
          if (string.slice(end).search(separator)) {
            var match,
                newEnd,
                substring = string.slice(0, end);
  
            if (!separator.global) {
              separator = RegExp(separator.source, (reFlags.exec(separator) || '') + 'g');
            }
            separator.lastIndex = 0;
            while ((match = separator.exec(substring))) {
              newEnd = match.index;
            }
            result = result.slice(0, newEnd == null ? end : newEnd);
          }
        } else if (string.indexOf(separator, end) != end) {
          var index = result.lastIndexOf(separator);
          if (index > -1) {
            result = result.slice(0, index);
          }
        }
        return result + omission;
      }
  
      /**
       * The inverse of `_.escape`; this method converts the HTML entities
       * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, `&#39;`, and `&#96;` in `string` to their
       * corresponding characters.
       *
       * **Note:** No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional HTML
       * entities use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to unescape.
       * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
       * @example
       *
       * _.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
       * // => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'
       */
      function unescape(string) {
        string = baseToString(string);
        return (string && reHasEscapedHtml.test(string))
          ? string.replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar)
          : string;
      }
  
      /**
       * Splits `string` into an array of its words.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category String
       * @param {string} [string=''] The string to inspect.
       * @param {RegExp|string} [pattern] The pattern to match words.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the words of `string`.
       * @example
       *
       * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
       * // => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']
       *
       * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
       * // => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']
       */
      function words(string, pattern, guard) {
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, pattern, guard)) {
          pattern = undefined;
        }
        string = baseToString(string);
        return string.match(pattern || reWords) || [];
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Attempts to invoke `func`, returning either the result or the caught error
       * object. Any additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Function} func The function to attempt.
       * @returns {*} Returns the `func` result or error object.
       * @example
       *
       * // avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors
       * var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
       *   return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
       * }, '>_>');
       *
       * if (_.isError(elements)) {
       *   elements = [];
       * }
       */
      var attempt = restParam(function(func, args) {
        try {
          return func.apply(undefined, args);
        } catch(e) {
          return isError(e) ? e : new Error(e);
        }
      });
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
       * and arguments of the created function. If `func` is a property name the
       * created callback returns the property value for a given element. If `func`
       * is an object the created callback returns `true` for elements that contain
       * the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @alias iteratee
       * @category Utility
       * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
       * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
       * ];
       *
       * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
       * _.callback = _.wrap(_.callback, function(callback, func, thisArg) {
       *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(func);
       *   if (!match) {
       *     return callback(func, thisArg);
       *   }
       *   return function(object) {
       *     return match[2] == 'gt'
       *       ? object[match[1]] > match[3]
       *       : object[match[1]] < match[3];
       *   };
       * });
       *
       * _.filter(users, 'age__gt36');
       * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
       */
      function callback(func, thisArg, guard) {
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, thisArg, guard)) {
          thisArg = undefined;
        }
        return isObjectLike(func)
          ? matches(func)
          : baseCallback(func, thisArg);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that returns `value`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       * var getter = _.constant(object);
       *
       * getter() === object;
       * // => true
       */
      function constant(value) {
        return function() {
          return value;
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {*} value Any value.
       * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       *
       * _.identity(object) === object;
       * // => true
       */
      function identity(value) {
        return value;
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that performs a deep comparison between a given object
       * and `source`, returning `true` if the given object has equivalent property
       * values, else `false`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
       * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
       * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
       * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
       * ];
       *
       * _.filter(users, _.matches({ 'age': 40, 'active': false }));
       * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }]
       */
      function matches(source) {
        return baseMatches(baseClone(source, true));
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that compares the property value of `path` on a given
       * object to `value`.
       *
       * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
       * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
       * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
       * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney' },
       *   { 'user': 'fred' }
       * ];
       *
       * _.find(users, _.matchesProperty('user', 'fred'));
       * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
       */
      function matchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
        return baseMatchesProperty(path, baseClone(srcValue, true));
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that invokes the method at `path` on a given object.
       * Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
       * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var objects = [
       *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(2) } } },
       *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(1) } } }
       * ];
       *
       * _.map(objects, _.method('a.b.c'));
       * // => [2, 1]
       *
       * _.invoke(_.sortBy(objects, _.method(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
       * // => [1, 2]
       */
      var method = restParam(function(path, args) {
        return function(object) {
          return invokePath(object, path, args);
        };
      });
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.method`; this method creates a function that invokes
       * the method at a given path on `object`. Any additional arguments are
       * provided to the invoked method.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = _.times(3, _.constant),
       *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
       *
       * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.methodOf(object));
       * // => [2, 0]
       *
       * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.methodOf(object));
       * // => [2, 0]
       */
      var methodOf = restParam(function(object, args) {
        return function(path) {
          return invokePath(object, path, args);
        };
      });
  
      /**
       * Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the
       * destination object. If `object` is a function then methods are added to
       * its prototype as well.
       *
       * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
       * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
       * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
       * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
       * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added
       *  are chainable.
       * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
       * @example
       *
       * function vowels(string) {
       *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
       *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
       *   });
       * }
       *
       * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
       * _.vowels('fred');
       * // => ['e']
       *
       * _('fred').vowels().value();
       * // => ['e']
       *
       * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
       * _('fred').vowels();
       * // => ['e']
       */
      function mixin(object, source, options) {
        if (options == null) {
          var isObj = isObject(source),
              props = isObj ? keys(source) : undefined,
              methodNames = (props && props.length) ? baseFunctions(source, props) : undefined;
  
          if (!(methodNames ? methodNames.length : isObj)) {
            methodNames = false;
            options = source;
            source = object;
            object = this;
          }
        }
        if (!methodNames) {
          methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
        }
        var chain = true,
            index = -1,
            isFunc = isFunction(object),
            length = methodNames.length;
  
        if (options === false) {
          chain = false;
        } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {
          chain = options.chain;
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          var methodName = methodNames[index],
              func = source[methodName];
  
          object[methodName] = func;
          if (isFunc) {
            object.prototype[methodName] = (function(func) {
              return function() {
                var chainAll = this.__chain__;
                if (chain || chainAll) {
                  var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
                      actions = result.__actions__ = arrayCopy(this.__actions__);
  
                  actions.push({ 'func': func, 'args': arguments, 'thisArg': object });
                  result.__chain__ = chainAll;
                  return result;
                }
                return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
              };
            }(func));
          }
        }
        return object;
      }
  
      /**
       * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
       * the `lodash` function.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
       * @example
       *
       * var lodash = _.noConflict();
       */
      function noConflict() {
        root._ = oldDash;
        return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * A no-operation function that returns `undefined` regardless of the
       * arguments it receives.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @example
       *
       * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
       *
       * _.noop(object) === undefined;
       * // => true
       */
      function noop() {
        // No operation performed.
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a function that returns the property value at `path` on a
       * given object.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var objects = [
       *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 2 } } },
       *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 1 } } }
       * ];
       *
       * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b.c'));
       * // => [2, 1]
       *
       * _.pluck(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
       * // => [1, 2]
       */
      function property(path) {
        return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(path) : basePropertyDeep(path);
      }
  
      /**
       * The opposite of `_.property`; this method creates a function that returns
       * the property value at a given path on `object`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {Object} object The object to query.
       * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
       * @example
       *
       * var array = [0, 1, 2],
       *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
       *
       * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.propertyOf(object));
       * // => [2, 0]
       *
       * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.propertyOf(object));
       * // => [2, 0]
       */
      function propertyOf(object) {
        return function(path) {
          return baseGet(object, toPath(path), (path + ''));
        };
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
       * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. If `end` is not specified it's
       * set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`. If `end` is less than `start`
       * a zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
       * @param {number} end The end of the range.
       * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of numbers.
       * @example
       *
       * _.range(4);
       * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
       *
       * _.range(1, 5);
       * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
       *
       * _.range(0, 20, 5);
       * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
       *
       * _.range(0, -4, -1);
       * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
       *
       * _.range(1, 4, 0);
       * // => [1, 1, 1]
       *
       * _.range(0);
       * // => []
       */
      function range(start, end, step) {
        if (step && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {
          end = step = undefined;
        }
        start = +start || 0;
        step = step == null ? 1 : (+step || 0);
  
        if (end == null) {
          end = start;
          start = 0;
        } else {
          end = +end || 0;
        }
        // Use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes.
        // See https://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s for more details.
        var index = -1,
            length = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),
            result = Array(length);
  
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = start;
          start += step;
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Invokes the iteratee function `n` times, returning an array of the results
       * of each invocation. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
       * one argument; (index).
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
       * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
       * @example
       *
       * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6, false));
       * // => [3, 6, 4]
       *
       * _.times(3, function(n) {
       *   mage.castSpell(n);
       * });
       * // => invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times with `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2`
       *
       * _.times(3, function(n) {
       *   this.cast(n);
       * }, mage);
       * // => also invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
       */
      function times(n, iteratee, thisArg) {
        n = nativeFloor(n);
  
        // Exit early to avoid a JSC JIT bug in Safari 8
        // where `Array(0)` is treated as `Array(1)`.
        if (n < 1 || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
          return [];
        }
        var index = -1,
            result = Array(nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH));
  
        iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1);
        while (++index < n) {
          if (index < MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
            result[index] = iteratee(index);
          } else {
            iteratee(index);
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID is appended to it.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Utility
       * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
       * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
       * @example
       *
       * _.uniqueId('contact_');
       * // => 'contact_104'
       *
       * _.uniqueId();
       * // => '105'
       */
      function uniqueId(prefix) {
        var id = ++idCounter;
        return baseToString(prefix) + id;
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * Adds two numbers.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {number} augend The first number to add.
       * @param {number} addend The second number to add.
       * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
       * @example
       *
       * _.add(6, 4);
       * // => 10
       */
      function add(augend, addend) {
        return (+augend || 0) + (+addend || 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Calculates `n` rounded up to `precision`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {number} n The number to round up.
       * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round up to.
       * @returns {number} Returns the rounded up number.
       * @example
       *
       * _.ceil(4.006);
       * // => 5
       *
       * _.ceil(6.004, 2);
       * // => 6.01
       *
       * _.ceil(6040, -2);
       * // => 6100
       */
      var ceil = createRound('ceil');
  
      /**
       * Calculates `n` rounded down to `precision`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {number} n The number to round down.
       * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round down to.
       * @returns {number} Returns the rounded down number.
       * @example
       *
       * _.floor(4.006);
       * // => 4
       *
       * _.floor(0.046, 2);
       * // => 0.04
       *
       * _.floor(4060, -2);
       * // => 4000
       */
      var floor = createRound('floor');
  
      /**
       * Gets the maximum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
       * `-Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked
       * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
       * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
       * arguments: (value, index, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
       * @example
       *
       * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
       * // => 8
       *
       * _.max([]);
       * // => -Infinity
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.max(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.age;
       * });
       * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.max(users, 'age');
       * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
       */
      var max = createExtremum(gt, NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
  
      /**
       * Gets the minimum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
       * `Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked
       * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
       * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
       * arguments: (value, index, collection).
       *
       * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
       * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
       *
       * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
       * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
       * value, else `false`.
       *
       * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
       * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
       * object, else `false`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
       * @example
       *
       * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
       * // => 2
       *
       * _.min([]);
       * // => Infinity
       *
       * var users = [
       *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
       *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.min(users, function(chr) {
       *   return chr.age;
       * });
       * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.min(users, 'age');
       * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
       */
      var min = createExtremum(lt, POSITIVE_INFINITY);
  
      /**
       * Calculates `n` rounded to `precision`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {number} n The number to round.
       * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round to.
       * @returns {number} Returns the rounded number.
       * @example
       *
       * _.round(4.006);
       * // => 4
       *
       * _.round(4.006, 2);
       * // => 4.01
       *
       * _.round(4060, -2);
       * // => 4100
       */
      var round = createRound('round');
  
      /**
       * Gets the sum of the values in `collection`.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @category Math
       * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
       * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
       * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
       * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
       * @example
       *
       * _.sum([4, 6]);
       * // => 10
       *
       * _.sum({ 'a': 4, 'b': 6 });
       * // => 10
       *
       * var objects = [
       *   { 'n': 4 },
       *   { 'n': 6 }
       * ];
       *
       * _.sum(objects, function(object) {
       *   return object.n;
       * });
       * // => 10
       *
       * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
       * _.sum(objects, 'n');
       * // => 10
       */
      function sum(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
          iteratee = undefined;
        }
        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
        return iteratee.length == 1
          ? arraySum(isArray(collection) ? collection : toIterable(collection), iteratee)
          : baseSum(collection, iteratee);
      }
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
      lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;
  
      LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
      LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
      LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;
  
      // Add functions to the `Map` cache.
      MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapDelete;
      MapCache.prototype.get = mapGet;
      MapCache.prototype.has = mapHas;
      MapCache.prototype.set = mapSet;
  
      // Add functions to the `Set` cache.
      SetCache.prototype.push = cachePush;
  
      // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
      memoize.Cache = MapCache;
  
      // Add functions that return wrapped values when chaining.
      lodash.after = after;
      lodash.ary = ary;
      lodash.assign = assign;
      lodash.at = at;
      lodash.before = before;
      lodash.bind = bind;
      lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
      lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
      lodash.callback = callback;
      lodash.chain = chain;
      lodash.chunk = chunk;
      lodash.compact = compact;
      lodash.constant = constant;
      lodash.countBy = countBy;
      lodash.create = create;
      lodash.curry = curry;
      lodash.curryRight = curryRight;
      lodash.debounce = debounce;
      lodash.defaults = defaults;
      lodash.defaultsDeep = defaultsDeep;
      lodash.defer = defer;
      lodash.delay = delay;
      lodash.difference = difference;
      lodash.drop = drop;
      lodash.dropRight = dropRight;
      lodash.dropRightWhile = dropRightWhile;
      lodash.dropWhile = dropWhile;
      lodash.fill = fill;
      lodash.filter = filter;
      lodash.flatten = flatten;
      lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
      lodash.flow = flow;
      lodash.flowRight = flowRight;
      lodash.forEach = forEach;
      lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
      lodash.forIn = forIn;
      lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
      lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
      lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
      lodash.functions = functions;
      lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
      lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
      lodash.initial = initial;
      lodash.intersection = intersection;
      lodash.invert = invert;
      lodash.invoke = invoke;
      lodash.keys = keys;
      lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
      lodash.map = map;
      lodash.mapKeys = mapKeys;
      lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
      lodash.matches = matches;
      lodash.matchesProperty = matchesProperty;
      lodash.memoize = memoize;
      lodash.merge = merge;
      lodash.method = method;
      lodash.methodOf = methodOf;
      lodash.mixin = mixin;
      lodash.modArgs = modArgs;
      lodash.negate = negate;
      lodash.omit = omit;
      lodash.once = once;
      lodash.pairs = pairs;
      lodash.partial = partial;
      lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
      lodash.partition = partition;
      lodash.pick = pick;
      lodash.pluck = pluck;
      lodash.property = property;
      lodash.propertyOf = propertyOf;
      lodash.pull = pull;
      lodash.pullAt = pullAt;
      lodash.range = range;
      lodash.rearg = rearg;
      lodash.reject = reject;
      lodash.remove = remove;
      lodash.rest = rest;
      lodash.restParam = restParam;
      lodash.set = set;
      lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
      lodash.slice = slice;
      lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
      lodash.sortByAll = sortByAll;
      lodash.sortByOrder = sortByOrder;
      lodash.spread = spread;
      lodash.take = take;
      lodash.takeRight = takeRight;
      lodash.takeRightWhile = takeRightWhile;
      lodash.takeWhile = takeWhile;
      lodash.tap = tap;
      lodash.throttle = throttle;
      lodash.thru = thru;
      lodash.times = times;
      lodash.toArray = toArray;
      lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
      lodash.transform = transform;
      lodash.union = union;
      lodash.uniq = uniq;
      lodash.unzip = unzip;
      lodash.unzipWith = unzipWith;
      lodash.values = values;
      lodash.valuesIn = valuesIn;
      lodash.where = where;
      lodash.without = without;
      lodash.wrap = wrap;
      lodash.xor = xor;
      lodash.zip = zip;
      lodash.zipObject = zipObject;
      lodash.zipWith = zipWith;
  
      // Add aliases.
      lodash.backflow = flowRight;
      lodash.collect = map;
      lodash.compose = flowRight;
      lodash.each = forEach;
      lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
      lodash.extend = assign;
      lodash.iteratee = callback;
      lodash.methods = functions;
      lodash.object = zipObject;
      lodash.select = filter;
      lodash.tail = rest;
      lodash.unique = uniq;
  
      // Add functions to `lodash.prototype`.
      mixin(lodash, lodash);
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      // Add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining.
      lodash.add = add;
      lodash.attempt = attempt;
      lodash.camelCase = camelCase;
      lodash.capitalize = capitalize;
      lodash.ceil = ceil;
      lodash.clone = clone;
      lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
      lodash.deburr = deburr;
      lodash.endsWith = endsWith;
      lodash.escape = escape;
      lodash.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
      lodash.every = every;
      lodash.find = find;
      lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
      lodash.findKey = findKey;
      lodash.findLast = findLast;
      lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
      lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
      lodash.findWhere = findWhere;
      lodash.first = first;
      lodash.floor = floor;
      lodash.get = get;
      lodash.gt = gt;
      lodash.gte = gte;
      lodash.has = has;
      lodash.identity = identity;
      lodash.includes = includes;
      lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
      lodash.inRange = inRange;
      lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
      lodash.isArray = isArray;
      lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
      lodash.isDate = isDate;
      lodash.isElement = isElement;
      lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
      lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
      lodash.isError = isError;
      lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
      lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
      lodash.isMatch = isMatch;
      lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
      lodash.isNative = isNative;
      lodash.isNull = isNull;
      lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
      lodash.isObject = isObject;
      lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
      lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
      lodash.isString = isString;
      lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
      lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
      lodash.kebabCase = kebabCase;
      lodash.last = last;
      lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
      lodash.lt = lt;
      lodash.lte = lte;
      lodash.max = max;
      lodash.min = min;
      lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
      lodash.noop = noop;
      lodash.now = now;
      lodash.pad = pad;
      lodash.padLeft = padLeft;
      lodash.padRight = padRight;
      lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
      lodash.random = random;
      lodash.reduce = reduce;
      lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
      lodash.repeat = repeat;
      lodash.result = result;
      lodash.round = round;
      lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
      lodash.size = size;
      lodash.snakeCase = snakeCase;
      lodash.some = some;
      lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
      lodash.sortedLastIndex = sortedLastIndex;
      lodash.startCase = startCase;
      lodash.startsWith = startsWith;
      lodash.sum = sum;
      lodash.template = template;
      lodash.trim = trim;
      lodash.trimLeft = trimLeft;
      lodash.trimRight = trimRight;
      lodash.trunc = trunc;
      lodash.unescape = unescape;
      lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
      lodash.words = words;
  
      // Add aliases.
      lodash.all = every;
      lodash.any = some;
      lodash.contains = includes;
      lodash.eq = isEqual;
      lodash.detect = find;
      lodash.foldl = reduce;
      lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
      lodash.head = first;
      lodash.include = includes;
      lodash.inject = reduce;
  
      mixin(lodash, (function() {
        var source = {};
        baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
          if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
            source[methodName] = func;
          }
        });
        return source;
      }()), false);
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      // Add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining.
      lodash.sample = sample;
  
      lodash.prototype.sample = function(n) {
        if (!this.__chain__ && n == null) {
          return sample(this.value());
        }
        return this.thru(function(value) {
          return sample(value, n);
        });
      };
  
      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /**
       * The semantic version number.
       *
       * @static
       * @memberOf _
       * @type string
       */
      lodash.VERSION = VERSION;
  
      // Assign default placeholders.
      arrayEach(['bind', 'bindKey', 'curry', 'curryRight', 'partial', 'partialRight'], function(methodName) {
        lodash[methodName].placeholder = lodash;
      });
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
      arrayEach(['drop', 'take'], function(methodName, index) {
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(n) {
          var filtered = this.__filtered__;
          if (filtered && !index) {
            return new LazyWrapper(this);
          }
          n = n == null ? 1 : nativeMax(nativeFloor(n) || 0, 0);
  
          var result = this.clone();
          if (filtered) {
            result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(result.__takeCount__, n);
          } else {
            result.__views__.push({ 'size': n, 'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '') });
          }
          return result;
        };
  
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function(n) {
          return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
        };
      });
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
      arrayEach(['filter', 'map', 'takeWhile'], function(methodName, index) {
        var type = index + 1,
            isFilter = type != LAZY_MAP_FLAG;
  
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(iteratee, thisArg) {
          var result = this.clone();
          result.__iteratees__.push({ 'iteratee': getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1), 'type': type });
          result.__filtered__ = result.__filtered__ || isFilter;
          return result;
        };
      });
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.first` and `_.last`.
      arrayEach(['first', 'last'], function(methodName, index) {
        var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');
  
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
        };
      });
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.rest`.
      arrayEach(['initial', 'rest'], function(methodName, index) {
        var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');
  
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          return this.__filtered__ ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this[dropName](1);
        };
      });
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.pluck` and `_.where`.
      arrayEach(['pluck', 'where'], function(methodName, index) {
        var operationName = index ? 'filter' : 'map',
            createCallback = index ? baseMatches : property;
  
        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(value) {
          return this[operationName](createCallback(value));
        };
      });
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function() {
        return this.filter(identity);
      };
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function(predicate, thisArg) {
        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 1);
        return this.filter(function(value) {
          return !predicate(value);
        });
      };
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function(start, end) {
        start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
  
        var result = this;
        if (result.__filtered__ && (start > 0 || end < 0)) {
          return new LazyWrapper(result);
        }
        if (start < 0) {
          result = result.takeRight(-start);
        } else if (start) {
          result = result.drop(start);
        }
        if (end !== undefined) {
          end = (+end || 0);
          result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
        }
        return result;
      };
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype.takeRightWhile = function(predicate, thisArg) {
        return this.reverse().takeWhile(predicate, thisArg).reverse();
      };
  
      LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function() {
        return this.take(POSITIVE_INFINITY);
      };
  
      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
      baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
        var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName),
            retUnwrapped = /^(?:first|last)$/.test(methodName),
            lodashFunc = lodash[retUnwrapped ? ('take' + (methodName == 'last' ? 'Right' : '')) : methodName];
  
        if (!lodashFunc) {
          return;
        }
        lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          var args = retUnwrapped ? [1] : arguments,
              chainAll = this.__chain__,
              value = this.__wrapped__,
              isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length,
              isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper,
              iteratee = args[0],
              useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);
  
          if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
            // Avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a "length" value other than `1`.
            isLazy = useLazy = false;
          }
          var interceptor = function(value) {
            return (retUnwrapped && chainAll)
              ? lodashFunc(value, 1)[0]
              : lodashFunc.apply(undefined, arrayPush([value], args));
          };
  
          var action = { 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined },
              onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;
  
          if (retUnwrapped && !chainAll) {
            if (onlyLazy) {
              value = value.clone();
              value.__actions__.push(action);
              return func.call(value);
            }
            return lodashFunc.call(undefined, this.value())[0];
          }
          if (!retUnwrapped && useLazy) {
            value = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this);
            var result = func.apply(value, args);
            result.__actions__.push(action);
            return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
          }
          return this.thru(interceptor);
        };
      });
  
      // Add `Array` and `String` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
      arrayEach(['join', 'pop', 'push', 'replace', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
        var func = (/^(?:replace|split)$/.test(methodName) ? stringProto : arrayProto)[methodName],
            chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
            retUnwrapped = /^(?:join|pop|replace|shift)$/.test(methodName);
  
        lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          var args = arguments;
          if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
            return func.apply(this.value(), args);
          }
          return this[chainName](function(value) {
            return func.apply(value, args);
          });
        };
      });
  
      // Map minified function names to their real names.
      baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
        var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
        if (lodashFunc) {
          var key = (lodashFunc.name + ''),
              names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);
  
          names.push({ 'name': methodName, 'func': lodashFunc });
        }
      });
  
      realNames[createHybridWrapper(undefined, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{ 'name': 'wrapper', 'func': undefined }];
  
      // Add functions to the lazy wrapper.
      LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
      LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
      LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;
  
      // Add chaining functions to the `lodash` wrapper.
      lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
      lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
      lodash.prototype.concat = wrapperConcat;
      lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
      lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
      lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
      lodash.prototype.run = lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;
  
      // Add function aliases to the `lodash` wrapper.
      lodash.prototype.collect = lodash.prototype.map;
      lodash.prototype.head = lodash.prototype.first;
      lodash.prototype.select = lodash.prototype.filter;
      lodash.prototype.tail = lodash.prototype.rest;
  
      return lodash;
    }
  
    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
    // Export lodash.
    var _ = runInContext();
  
    // Some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
      // Expose lodash to the global object when an AMD loader is present to avoid
      // errors in cases where lodash is loaded by a script tag and not intended
      // as an AMD module. See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch for
      // more details.
      root._ = _;
  
      // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
      // referenced as the "underscore" module.
      define(function() {
        return _;
      });
    }
    // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object.
    else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
      // Export for Node.js or RingoJS.
      if (moduleExports) {
        (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
      }
      // Export for Rhino with CommonJS support.
      else {
        freeExports._ = _;
      }
    }
    else {
      // Export for a browser or Rhino.
      root._ = _;
    }
  }.call(this));